Period 4 - Notes for Wednesday 10/25

Continued with the Market Revolution:

Inlanders
-Were far from a main source of tranportation
-Not involved in the economic market, based a credit system and friendship of neighbors
-Issues rose from land inheritances
-Farher west, land was cheap to aquire but cost of moving an entire family caused a set back
-Only fathers who planned to provide land for all his children would sell the farm and move west
-The families who stayed created a new class of people
-composed of tenant farmers and laborers/ craftsmen
-caused the increase in the age of marriage
-caused a decrease in birthrate, but increased in children out of wedlock
-caused a decrease in paternal authority
-increased amount of landless people
-Before 1820 -small farmers followed traditional paths and were craftsmen for neighbors
-Post 1820- Putting out system extends to shoes, cloth, clocks, brooms, utensils, and chairs in te inland families
-Livestock raising replaces weak farming in New England due to competition from New York and New Jersey
-Beef becomes a cash crop, as does milk and eggs
-Sold in country stores and shifts to a cash economy

Merchant class in coastal cities change
-creditors from England offer loans, real estate, etc.
-triangle trades develop
-branches out - caplialists rise
-Period of posperity while Europe is in war
-Insurance companies are established
-New banks are created as Europe become dependent for food and supplies
-Quickly stops due to the Embargo Act

-Life is precarious for families - unskilled artisans learn unpaid from bakers, butchers,etc, creating stabilty
-Economic Boom
-causes competition
-Master craftsmen under economic pressure bring in unskillmen with cheap labor
-Journeymen lose social status and is equal to the cheap labor
-Apprenticeships become an excuse for cheap labor
-Gap established b/t masters and artisans in wealth, develop

-First cotton factory built in 1814
-caused prices to decrease
-home spinners to disappear

-Stores increased products by 45% in the country
-1820-1830- samples of utensils, dishes, and wall paper were available

-Private investors built roads; railroads were a major build up in 1840s
-reduced expense and time and extended markets



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Friday October 27 Notes for 6th period

Boom-created by cotton
*Rejuvenation of slavery.
*Slaves become more valuable and work is more appreciated.
*Treatment became better, but more systematic.
*Bigger plantations=better
*A split is created between the southern planters w/big plantation and the smaller cotton *planters in the hills (in the country).
*Yeoman farmers=small farmers
*North is more commercialized
*The rich cotton planters were few in numbers
*Yeoman in south are not part of Markey/cash economy-money limited
Yankee Middle Class
*Live in North
*Probably a master craftsman become factory operator
*Merchants in cities as well as country side
*Culturally came from New England because first factories located in New England.
Changes in religion
*Go to church on Sundays but the rest of the week ignore old puritan beliefs because now they know from market that if you work hard and make good decision you will prosper
Men and Women’s roles
*“separate sphere”
*Men work outside the house will women work in the home.
*Women are in charge of disciplining the kids and are in charge of raising them
*While men have the job of getting good jobs and taking care of the family.
Printing
*Lead to more books
*Novels-(scarlet letter, Tom’s cabin…)
*Romanticism
*Cook books and etiquette books
Fine arts
*Bought from Europe before, but now Americans start doing landscape art.
*The Hudson River School(landscaping)
1820
*Travel more because of more leisure time
*Better transportation and movement
*Niagara Falls=Hotspot
And those are the notes for Friday….

Friday's Notes: 5th Period

IMPACT OF SLAVERY & COTTON
-They are trying to justify slavery
-Cotton is a good cash crop in the south
Some people devote their entire farms to cotton
Souther plantations are some of the most internationally commercialized
They have a big labor supply problem solved by slavery

-After 1820 they go back to the gang system. Slavery changes & becomes more humane with planters paying close attention to discipline but at the same time somehow paternalistic
-The economy changes with cotton:
Planters with bigger farms have more slaves and are tremendously profitable and more efficient. This leads to a dual or 2-stage economy. 1. Large, very profitable plantations 2. Small farms
-Small farms: land is not as good. They're having to go to the higher ground (up-country). Society is isolated & they use the old neighbor system (bartering).
YEOMAN: a small farm holder. They are living like northern farmers did prior to the revolution. Many souther farmers staying out of the market almost entirely. Most small farmers in the south own their land, but don't own their slaves. Instead, they have big familys where the children do the job.
Only a very few of the largest planters in the south (2-3%) own half of all slaves.
-This split in the souht creates a split in souther society.
Northern factory owners aren't sending goods to the south. The North is in market economy, but the South hasn't gotten in it as much. Fancy clothing in the north. Planters buy most of their stuff from Europe. This causes a weakness for the south.
-The Market Revolution lead to commercialized agriculture in the north and new technological changes. The South just produces more slave labor for the cotton growers.
YANKEE MIDDLE CLASS: northern middle class are christian protestants, merchants, and manufacturers. Most of these people were from New England and fairly commercialized by the 1830's they get away from the neighborly tradition. They have a "mother-centered" life and reform to a yankee protestantism. On Sundays they go to church and reafirm their original puritan beliefs. However, while they go to church on Sunday, in their daily lives they ignore that because of their hard-work. It's changing ethic. The organizing principle according to Charles Finney is different from original Puritan beliefs: "God had made man a moral freagant and neither the social order or the troubles of the world or spiritual state of individuals... were ordained. Finney believed people would make the world better by chosing right over wrong. Their experiences in shifting into the market economy is reflectin into their religion.
-ROLES OF MEN & WOMEN: The public world outside the home is home to the men. Inside the home it was the women. Now the mother is replacing fathers as principle child rearers. The mother enforces discipline.
-Separate Spheres" change in roles. Early 1800's men's responsiblities ouside the home and women inside the home. Women maintain the home and raise good children. Men have to get good jobs and make neough money to support the family.
-Improvements in Printing
This leads to more publishing companies and the wealthy Northerners had more books than the South because the South only had the Bible.
Sentimental Novels are published: The Scarlett Letter and Uncle Tom's Cabin
Fine Arts/Painting:
Americans who had money were buying European works but now in the 1800's they form their own style of American Art.
A school of art called the Hudson River School of Art made landscapes.
1820's Travel:
Wealthy Americans begin to travel to look at the scenery.
They have b etter transportation, more time, and more money so they can travel.
They enjoy visiting Niagra Falls.

Study your notes for the Timed write on Monday!

Period 4 Notes--October 26, 2006

So basically Mr. Gottschalk went over how to write an essay/DBQ for the AP exam in May. He gave us 2 sheets about writing and how to structure an essay. The point system for the essay was discussed and then we had the rest of the period to ourselves. Remember that strong, clear thesis statements usually rank righer than not good thesis statements.

That's it for today's review/notes!

TIMED WRITE ON MONDAY FROM THE PERIOD OF 1800-1820!
LOOK OVER THAT MATERIAL!

Pd. 6 Notes October 26th

Today in class Mr. Gottschalk started off with the usual asking if we had any questions and he answered a couple and then for the rest of the period we talked about how writing a strong thesis statement would be really important for your AP exam in May. Mr. Gottschalk also handed out two extra information sheets regarding the strong thesis statements we had just talked about. So when in doubt about the topic always make sure that you have a good thesis statement and when you aren’t sure perhaps you should slip the reader a twenty in your writing packet and maybe if you are lucky you could get a 6 or 7. Or the readers (like in the words of Andrew Nicolucci) might be like, “Hey a twenty but I’m still giving you a two.” So the moral of the story is read your history books so that way you won’t have to pay the readers to get a good grade. DO YOUR HOMEWORK!!! KNOW YOUR STUFF!!!

Assignment for this evening:
Read Liberty pgs 366-376

Don’t forget that there is a timed write on Monday so make sure you read and that you are able to write a good thesis statement.

Happy Thursday!!

Stephanie

Blog for Period 6 10/25

Remember there is a timed write on Moday and a quiz on Wednesday.

Notes:

Market Revolution
-People buying more land out west.
-Those who don't mainly travel into cities.

Living Conditions
-Becomes more expensice to move west.
-Shrinking farms in east brew a growing lower class of loborers/tenent farmers.
-Marriage age goes up and birthrate down.
-Increase in children out of wedlock.
-Poor become more numerous.
-Fathers' authority decreases.

1820 and Beyond
-Before 1820, most farmers take on part time craftsmanship for neighbors.
-Post 1920 they find markets for products further away.
-Encourages craftsmen to concentrate in new areas.
-Ex: Shoemakers in Bedford, Mass.
-Shoes, cloth, fans etc. are sold when "Yankee Peddlers" load up wagons to sell to farm towns.
-Livestock farming soon becomes the majority.
-Couldn't produce enough argiculture to keep up with New York or West.
-New England turns to beef as cash crop.
-Sold in local country stores.
-Shift to cash economy.

Coastal City Change Pre Revolution
-England has no need for argiculture products.
-Had to trade other items elsewhere.
-Triangular trades develop.
-Brings wealth to city merchants.
-Capitalism rises with people willing to spend on trading ventures.
-Lend out loans, real estate, etc.
-Insurance companies for chipping agencies are set up.
-Post Revolution- Good merchant prospects with France and England at war.
-New banks, insurance, specialized marketing systems are up.

Effects of War of 1812.
-1807- Disruption Emabargo.
-After war, merchant prosperity up, city lifestyle down.
-Threatened with sickness and unemployment.
-Craftsmen divded into categories, each making products by hand.
-Learned skills by apprenticing with master craftsmen.
-Journymen worked for wages under master craftsmen.

Craftsmen begin Competing.
-Many are of the same trade.
-At first, investors are at advantage by avoiding one large shop cost.
-By 1820s, master craftsmen begin taking advantage of cutting production costs.
-Bring in unskilled labor to workshops.
-Many lose hope to become master craftsmen.
-Need for investment money increases.
-Smaller number of successes, but make more money.
-Apprenticeships become excuse for cheap labor.
-Masters also threatened by scale.

1814- America's First Cotton Factory
-Manufactor all steps under one roof.
-Dramatically lowers crop costs.
-Spiining wheels, hand looms start dissapearing.
-Country stores carry local farm products.
-Sugar, salt, coffeee all there.
-Silverware, dishes, wallpaper also options.

1820+ Transportation Revolution.
Compliments Market Revolution.
-1825- Erie Canal Completed.
-More canals inspired from it.
-Toll roads, steamboats, railroads- large impact in 1840s.
-Possible to extend market further.

Class Notes for Wednesday October 25

We continued with the Market Revolution:

-Yankee Deedlers-"venders" loaded up wagans and tried to sell goods to rural citizens.
-New England starts to switch to cattle raising due to then rocky soil that is bad for crops.
-Unable to compete with other areas for grain sale
-Beef and dairy products become a "cash" crop for New England
-Pre Revolutionary war the English do not need agricultural products but needed specialized items. Causing the US to trade with other countries and import from England, trade grows.
-After revolutionary war the French and British go to war so merchants in US enjoy a period of prosparity
-The we get the "Boom Claps"-1807, Embargo act which said we can not trade with anyone. In response US get the British Blockade which in result hurts merchants and slows the process of becoming a cash economy.
-After War of 1812, slowly trade began to pick up
-Artisans are divided into categories
-Unpaid apprentice and master craftsmen
-Apprentice makes his way to a journey man then becomes and master craftsmen and opens his own shop.
-Markets begin to extend past local economies and competition grows between craftsmen.
-Begin to see merchants with small stores in the city. Employ unskilled workers (being payed at very low wages) making the product in merchant name. This becomes a great demand in unskilled workers. Eventually the journeymen are out of luck and out of jobs.
-Also see a greater gap of wealth in layborers and craftsmen.

For more detailed information look in you book from pages 343 to 353

Class stuff for 5th

Alrighty-so basically I wasn't in 5th today because I had to got to something for JROTC, but I did read(believe it or not) and this is what I got out of it: there was overcrowding in the north and this fueled the citizens of New England to try and grow their crops on rocky soil. Manufacturers were also selling new tiems like cast iron stoves to keep the house warming than just using a hearth. The woods were disappearing because of landscaping farms, getting resources, etc. And then there was that whole deal with the farmers wanting to buy goods from markets which was totally weird because they used to be able to be content with what they had on their land/farm (they bought "little luxuries." The demand for more material items rose and many people felt "poor" which is no good. With the changing of material goods, comes the changing of agriculture. In Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, they had vicious hogs called "razorbacks". In the south, they also had hogs, but they were fatter and more expensive. Then came the invention of the cast iron plows which did away with the McCormick reaper yada yada yada... The women of the household were doing more and more work. They had fewer children but with the markets selling more sweets, they were asked to bake more luxurious foods such as pies. Neighbors borrowed a lot from each other and left debts unpaid for years. The Industrial Revolution caused the mass production of cotton and bigger cities. Oh yea and the women were going to work in milling factories and the like. Hope you liked my extensive(SAT word) notes! haha Liz Ziek*

In case you missed it

After looking through Mr. Gottschalk’s yearbooks, we took some notes:

-The hardships caused by the trade embargos of the War of 1822 convinced the Americans that they can't be too dependant on Europe
-Market economies first hit agriculture
-People began specializing in one thing, selling it, and buying everything else
-The Erie Canal enables transportation of goods
-Families begin to shrink because parents don't need as much help
-Male and female roles become more distinguished (men do everything that relates to money and women do everything else)
-New improvements: Desserts, separate rooms, oil lamps, textiles
-Samuel Slater starts the first factory: a yarn spinning mill
-The Walden System: Other factories use that yarn to create fabric
-Young, unmarried women work in factories and live in boarding houses with chaperones who make sure they read and go to church

A Slight Recap of Trade
-Transatlantic trade (rum, fish, etc) during the colonial era
-transport wasn't good enough to move crops
-2 cultures arise: market cultures on the coast, and non-market cultures in the west
-The non-market culture had no monetary reward for their work and no incentive for creating a surplus so they did a form of subsistence farming
-Families had lots of kids and fathers had tight control
-Began to trade current land for more land farther west
-Eventually, with technological improvements, the cultures collided.

CFHS AP US History

Notes for October 24, 2006
Causes for the Market Revolution: belief that importing goods from other countries was risky
(1800-1830) Impact of the Market Revolution: - size of families goes down
- New England farmers become customers: produce specialized crops for market and buy other goods at market
- sharper distinction between men and women's work; men's job to earn money, women's work not part of the cash economy (i.e. men would milk cows and grow crops while women would raise kids and focus on the family)
- larger variety in clothing ( could buy materials instead of making them)
- houses become more decorated, seperate kitchens, more privacy (seperate rooms)
Samuel Slater's Mill: spun cottin yarn and thread
Difference between Slater's mill and the Waltham System: the Waltham company produced finished cloth products unlike Slater's mill which makes the materials
The Workers of the Waltham System were mostly young, single women from farms (a BIG decision for families to let children go off to work and leave home); status of women: sober, went to church, lived in boardinghouses supervised carefully by chaperoines
People near seaports [coastal area] easy access to canals and rivers -->encouraged entrepeneurs and markets
People in inland areas cut off from the coast, not encouraged to move products overland because on land transportation was bad --> subsistence farmers
Inland Subsistence Economy (1800-1830's) encourages family and community cooporation, demanded a lot of labor-->bigger family, more children(6 -8), marriages delayed (till couples had enough money to support family), romance put off instead concentrated on hard rigorous work to support the farm
Implications of Subsistent farming
-- need for cheap land to survive and support children
-- Division of Powers: sons worked with fathers(held power, controlled labor divisions)
daughters worked with mothers(housework)
--As children and parents get old, children need to grow surplus to support parents(also trying to get own land)-->kids working for their parents a long time
--Father holds title to family property(can delay children's hold to property until married)
--Daughters neede to look for husbands with land(oldest and youngest son's usually inherited parent's land) led to area being dominated by clan-like households
--farms not completely self-sufficient- provided services to neighbors not to markets(neighbors cooporated when raising houses, corn husking ect...)
--Migration: settlement growth-->led to more expensive land, surplus not big enough to buy land for children-->solution:either parents or children could move West where cheaper land was, Problem: land eventually will run out

What you missed for the 24th

Ok, today we began talking about the Market Revolution and how it affected society and economy. Basically, the U.S. economy was really needing the U.S. to produce it's own goods instead of importing everything from Europe. And this created a need for industry. We talked about the first factory which created yarn. Anyway, read the reading if you want to know more. After that we went back and discussed society in the 1700's and how farmers divided their land between kids and neighboorly cooperation. It was a fun class, sorry you missed it.

THE AMERICA(N) SYSTEM
*By Henry Clay (who manages to stay in Congress)
*It was a "neo-Federalist program of protective tariffs, internal improvements, and a national bank."

**(protective) Tariff of 1816: First protective tariff that protected small industries, although their goods were more expensive and inferior in quality to the European goods. Clay was determined to make the U.S. less dependent on foreign trade after the War of 1812. Also used to raise revenue.

**Second National Bank: The first bank proposed by Hamilton was rejected, but this one is quickly passed by Congress. It issued notes, and thus regulated currency. Hoped that this way the state bank notes (which were grossly inflated) would be invalidated. The Bank also had the power to tell the state banks whether they should put their money in reserve or out on loans, alongside overseeing them.

**Internal Improvements: A system of bridges, canals, and roads to connect the country. Congress goes ahead and passes it "to finish it up" because it's already in progress, but then the President argues that unless this kind of power is specified in the form of a new amendment, it will not be passed. It is not passed and the states take on the job of making a transportation system. They made the Eerie Canal (NY did) and toll roads.
________________________________________________
*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~Transportation Improvements: The transportation system is horrible and the shipping of goods is a complicated thing before 1815. *~*~*~*~*~*~*~~*~*~*~*~*~*~*
*But soon canals, steamboats, and generally better roads tie the country together and pave the way for a market economy.
*In 1816, Congress authizies the national road (which links the Potomac and Ohio Rivers). Philadelphia connects with Pittsburg.
*In 1817: The first steamship steamship (by Robert Fulton) called Clermont sets off. This allows shipping to upstream as well as downstream.
*In 1825: The Eerie Canal comes around, and other states adopt this idea. From 1825-1840, the time period is known as the "Canal Era"
*The first railroads come around, and was first implemented to connect cities in the East with rivers and canals. As it becomes more used, it extends from the NE to the NW. By 1860, although the railroad system is used to connect places inland (like towns and cities) it also ends up connecting the NE, and NW. This leads to a more unified market.
_________________________________________________

~In other news, there was some confusion about the essay we had to do. Mr. G took the ones from people who had done it (and he's still not sure as to whether or not he'll give extra points to them) but otherwise, they're due Wednesday.
~Oh, and we should all also start doing our homework because in SchoolNotes it says that we're going to be getting in groups in class soon to discuss the assignments.
~(P.S. I dunno why the font is coming out all weird on the first paragraph.)

Notes for Monday October 23

Okay, so at the beginning of class we experienced the "mass confusion" theory of the essay data sheet which was due today, but some people thought it was due on Wednesday. You could have turned it in if you were ready or choose to turn it in later. Later on, we discussed the pages we were supposed to read. Here are the notes:

• Clay's Idea (The American Plan): Clay wanted to establish a new national bank, roads, and tarrifs. Due to the poor road conditions, Westerners couldn't transport goods. Tarrifs were wanted so that people would buy American goods and create revenue. (Protective Tarrifs). The bank and tarrifs are approved.

• The Second National Bank gave the bank the authority to print its own currency in hopes that the states would stop printing theirs and start using a national currency.
  

• Internal Improvements were to be funded by the national government in order to make canals, bridges, etc. The government was iffy about this because they didn't know if they could provide for these such things. States step up by creating the Erie Canal and toll roads.
  

• New Things: Canals, roads, steamboat, and eventually railroads allow for a market economy. In 1815, the transportation was still not yet efficient enough. By 1816, Congress approved on finishing the National road. It was cheaper to float to New Orleans and ship East to East.
  

• Robert Fullton used the first steamboat, the Clairmont and made upway transport. From 1810 to 1840 there was a lot of produce transported.
  

• The Canal Era By 1840, railroads put canals out of business. The first ones connected cities to rivers/canals. Niagra Falls became a popular site because it was reached by the Erie Canal. So begins tourism.

Hope this helps.

Class Stuff for Friday, October 13...

Alright guys, I apologize for getting this up so late... G had to help me figure it out because my blog profile thing was acting stupid and I couldn't access it over the weekend. Plus, we had a marching band competition. Anyway...

At the beginning of class,we finished up the presentations the had begun on Thursday. Bizarre doesn't even come close to describing some of them, especially my group's presentation. But that's alright. After the presentations were done, we had a discussion for the rest of class about the feud between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton. Jefferson was a Democratic-Republican and Hamilton was a Federalist, so naturally, they were opposed to each other. Hamilton favored a strong centralized government as outlined in the Constitution. Jefferson... uhhh... did not. Anyway, Hamilton's side eventually won out in the end and the rest is history. Ha ha ha...

For those of you who are interested or care, the marching band did really well at the competition I talked about earlier.

1st Place Percussion
1st Place Auxiliary (Colorguard)
1st Place Music
1st Place Marching
2nd Place Drum Major
Winner of Class AAAA
Show Grand Champion

So yeah, that's what happening. Good luck to everyone on Thursday's test!

Wesley

Notes for Monday October 16

At the beginning of class we received our summer assignment essays back and they were graded out of 9 AP essay points. However, they aren't the actual grade for the paper. Moving on, we went over the reading assignment for the previous night.
Here are my notes:

• Courts: A federal court system was established where the President would appoint judges. Soon after Jefferson's election, Congress passed the Judiciary Acts of 1801 which created a number of new courts. A scandal arose because Adams could choose to appoint the new 16 judges or leave the choice to Jefferson. He chose to appoint his own judges before Jefferson was inaugurated. All of his appointees were harsh Federalists and were nicknamed the Midnight Judges. Jefferson became angry with this occurence and tried to get Adams' judges impeached. He successfully got John Pickering out of office for being insane. He tried again with Samuel Chase but was unsuccessful and his impeachment was aquitted.
• Marbury vs Madison: Marbury was one of the Adams appointed judges who did not receive his letter of appointment. Madison and Jefferson discovered it and decided to appoint a judge of their own and not give Marbury his letter. Marbury sues Madison to get his appointment but loses after the Marshall decides that the choice would be unconstitutional. This resulted in the Judicial Review by the Supreme Court.
• Jefferson's Dilemma: Jefferson came into a business proposition when he wanted to buy New Orleans from the French. Napolean was going through money issues and offered to sell the Louisiana Territory to Jefferson. Jefferson becomes worried that he doesn't have to right to buy the land without Congressional approval. He decides to buy the land and it's not a problem with anyone.
• 1803: French and England are at war but the US stays neutral. Neither of the countries agree with this decision so both of them torment America. Congress gets angry and passes the non importation act which stops the buying of goods which would hopefully lessen impressment. France passes the Berlin Act which outlaws trade with Britain. England says that all neutral ships must pass through England before going anywhere else. Then the Milan Decree states that one who is searched by England before going to France would be seized.
• Avoiding War: Jefferson did not want to be involved with the wars so he goes to Congress and cuts off all trade with foreign countries. The Embargo Act of 1807 caused the economy to plummet and the merchants to be unhappy.
• 1808: Election Year which brought Madison to be the President. Congress passed the NonIntercourse Act which banned trade with Britain and France but not everyone else. This didn't work because those other countries did not have what America needed. Congress allows President to open and close trade if the countries were willing to adhere to America's wishes. Neither country agrees.
• Macon's Bill 2: Opens trade with France and England. Can be closed at any time if the countries mess up. Britain continues to harass American ships so Madison reopens the Embargo on Britain because they continued to harass the ships even after Madison allowed them a three month period to shape up.
• War of 1812: Jeffersonian Republicans control both houses which are mainly comprised of young, talented men. A large block of the Congress was the Warhawks who wanted war and were fed up with Britian supporting NW Indians and Impressment. Warhawks carry the vote although New England disagrees. (Federalists) The war is opened with defense into Canada but that fails. A treaty was signed with Britain in Ghent, Belgium. The Treaty of Ghent was a treaty to cease fighting, not to end the war. Communications with the Americas is bad so the news of the treaty did not get to New Orleans and a battle takes place some two weeks after the end of the war. Jackson wins the battle and thinks they won the war. The Star Spangled Banner poem was written during this war.

Okay, so there are the notes from today. Sorry they were kind of long. Oh yes, and we have a test on the material on Thursday, October 19th.

What you missed for Monday, October 16th in 5th period!

Today we took notes and had a descussion on some of the reading.

key things.


-right before Jefferson's inauguration, the federalist congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1801. This act ensured long term Federalist domination of the federalist courts. the act-
-reduced the number of supreme court justices from six to five.
-took supreme court justices off circut courts and created a new system that allowed adams to appoint 16 new judges.

Adams hurried to appoint federalist judges before his term ended, thus giving them the name "midnight judges.

As the republican Jefferson takes office, he is distrustful of the new court system and he tries to get this message across by impeaching federal attorney John Pickering, and attempting to impeach the respectable samuel chase.

Marburry vs. Madison
-Jefferson, upon entering office, found a letter signed by Adams that appointed William Marbury as a judge. however this
letter had not yet been delivered so Jefferson disregards it and refuse Marbury the job.
-marbury takes jefferson's secretary of state to court.
-in the court the first ruling questioned the constitutionality of Jefferson's refusal to give marbury his job, and this led to
republican moderates to repeal the Judiciary Act.
-the last ruling established the very important practice of judicial review, which established supreme court as the branch
that could declare laws unconstitutional

Jefferson althought questioning the constitutionality of it, pays 15 million dollars for the louisianna purchase.


u.s. tries to remain neutral in conflict between Britain and France, but both countries are interfering with american trade.
-u.s. passes nonimportation act, forbids importation of british goods that could be bought elsewhere
-napoleon passes the berlin decree which outlaws all trade with the Brittish
-the Brittish answer with the order in council that denmands that nuetral trading ships must stop first in a brittish port
-france responds with the Milan Decree, which states that anyone who obeys the brittish decrees was subject to seisure
by france.

Jefferson attempts to suspend trade with an embargo, but it has little sucess.
-the brittish find other markets and sources of food.
-american commerce suffers

the non intercourse act reopens trade with everyone but britain and france, but it does little to improve america's economic condition.

-congress passes macon's bill no. 2 which stated that if either britain or france agreed to end u.s. trade restrictions, it would impose the nonintercourse act on the other country.
-france agrees to open trade with the u.s., which forces the new president madison to give three months to the british to
follow france's lead.
-madison's proclamation leads to the war of 1812.



don't forget we have a test thursday! study up.


Brent M

notes from september 29

Hey guys sorry this is way late blogger.com and I were having some difficulties. Well anyways the only thing that we did on friday the 29th was play history pictionary.
Bianca

Patawomeck Response

It is intersting to learn that a tribe that presided in Stafford was so beneficial to survival of the first settlers of America. I think that the Patawomeck should definitely gain national recognition due to their role in the success of Jamestown. It is a shame that a tribe that halped us has been so totally ignored and almost driven into nonexistence. We should show the Patawomeck appreciation because Stafford is more their country then ours and they have endured far more than any of us to live here.

A Delayed Period 6 Post for 10/12

Sorry about the delay, but there were technical difficulties and apparently you need a very advanced appointment to use the library's computers.

-Remember we have a test on Thursday the 19th.

And here are the notes:

George Washington is elected first president.
-Prominent Cabinent members.
-Jefferson
-Adams (VP)
-Hamilton

USA has a large debt.
-foreign debt
-Hamilton decides to pay off quickly.
-Federal debt/state debt
-Nation gov. To pay states' debt.
-Taxes on everyday items, most affected is whiskey.
-Sell Bonds
-This idea isn't favored in the South.

National Bank Controversy.
-Hamilton wants to implement national bank.
-Jefferson immediately opposes.
-Is "suspecting" of the plan.
-Already had state banks in the USA
-Hamilton argues Necessary and Proper Clause.
-Eventually, Hamilton's plan gets approved.

New Political Parties.
-Jefferson: Democratic Republicans
-Also known as Jeffersonian
-Hamilton: Federalists

USA breaks Permanent Alliance
-France goes to war, requests help from Washington.
-Washington declines, saying USA is not ready.
-Neutrality proclamation

Whiskey Rebellion
-Sellers don't want to pay tax
-Tar and feather various officials
-March on John Neville's (a tax collector) house.
-Neville escapes.
-National government uses militia to solve.
-USA looks much more competent.

Citizen Genet
-Tries to hire Americans to harass British
-Wants citizens to create war on their own.
-Declares Caribbean open to USA trade.
-Washington wants to send him back to France.
-Genet would be killed.
-Cools off and settles down.
-British threaten to capture USA ships if in Caribbean.
-impressments.

Washington sends John Jay to speak to British.
-Returns with Jay's Treaty, saying British would leave forts.
-Laughed at, but passed.
-Scares Spain who leaves land and allows use of the Mississippi River.
-Part of New Orleans Treaty.

Washington Steps Down after two terns.
-Makes three important statements.
1. Long term alliances are bad.
2. Bipartisan politics are essential.
3. Sets two term limit for all but FDR.

----Other

Hamilton wanted Necessary and Proper Clause used liberally- loose.

Jefferson wanted Necessary and Proper Clause used only when needed- strict.

What did we do in class on October 13th in 6th period?

October 13th, 2006
6th period
we took notes on George Washington's Farewell Address through the end of the 1800 election
~George Washington said in his farewell address
-warns people about political divisions
-no long term agreements with other countries (like the one with France)
-sugests that 2 terms for a president is enough
~President Elections 1796
~Adam(federalists) vs. Jefferson(jeffersonians)
~Adam wins and Jefferson become the vice president
~very strange because they were from different political parties
~French are mad about Adams being president, they like Jefferson better
~XYZ Affair between the French Diplomats and Colonists
~after4 years the federalists are losing power and its time for a new election
~President Election 1800
~Jefferson vs. Adams again
~Jefferson and Burr get a tie of votes for president
~Election goes to House of Represenatives: federalists
~35 times to make decision final; Jefferson is president, Burr is vice president
~amend the Constitution to avoid ties and to get the president and vice president from the same party

~Don't forget to STUDY for the Ch.'s 5-8 Test next Thursday~
~GOOD LUCK~

Patawomeck Article

I thought this article was interesting specifically because of its relation to Stafford County. It is refreshing to find out that our county is not a total drag. I had heard that Pocahontas was somehow connected to Stafford but I never knew there was an Indian tribe here that played such an important part in Jamestown's success. It is unfortunate that this tribe has virtually no recognation because I think if they were given credit for their part, Stafford country residents would know much more about the Patawomecks. I hope that these people are eventually given credit and are ownership of their artifacts and such is returned to them. I at least hope that their story becomes more widely known. Stafford could use a little excitement.

Notes from Friday, October 13, 2006

Election of 1796

• Adams (Federalist) vs Jefferson (Jeffersonian).
• Adams wins and Jefferson becomes vice president because he was second in the electoral college

During Adams presidency, French and British War was going on

• Jefferson supported French
• Federalists supported British
• French are mad that Adams won and breaks alliance and begins harassing American ships
• Diplomats go to France to try to negociate. In order to talk to the French government, French want a bribe of $250,000 up front with big loan in the future, and a apology from Adams from America. (XYZ- 3 French men who are trying to get the money and the apology)
• Diplomats say "No" and return and tell Adams the news.
• Adams says "Millions for defense but not a cent for tributary" Adams builds up thier military known as the Undeclared War with France

Congress pass laws that say:

1. To become a citizen the law changes from 5 to 14 years.
2. If the immigrants are a danger, deport them
3. punishment for someone who speaks badly or writes badly about the government

(immigrants would support Jefferson because they would become small farmers which support Jeffersonian ideas)

Jefferson and Kentucky Resolve-propose to pass laws that stated it was up to rgw state is they decided to enforce the federal laws (nullification)

1800-Jefferson becomes president, Burr becomes vice president

• electoral college decides who wins (The best person would be president and the 2nd would become the vice president)
• Jefferson and Burr Tie because Congress never planned on different parties developing. Tie goes to the House of Representatives (tough decision) takes 35x, but eventually
• 12th Admendment is added to the Constitution: 2 seperate votes, one for president and one for vice president.

Article Response

I thought that this article was really interesting and gave a good insight into what Stafford went through before it became what it is today. Everybody says oh it's just Stafford, but obviously we have a lot more history here then we knew. This article also shows the importance of primary sources, like Smith's journal, which had so much valuable information in it. it was neat to read about the fact that Pocahontas' mother was from the Patawomack tribe. Overall, I felt that this article was very interesting as well as informative about our county and it's legacy.

Article Response

Response Thing

I thought the article was pretty interesting, it makes you think twice about calling stafford county a land of nothing but rich people and rednecks. It doesn't necessarily keep you from making that generalization, but it does make you think a little harder about it before you say it. It's kinda nifty to think pocahontas probably lived in stafford. I bet she lived in my backyard. As boring as stafford may seem today, it's sort of reassuring in a wierd way to think that hundreds of years ago, things happened here that pretty much created America. How many people can say that about where they live? Take that California!

4th period note thurs. 10-12

• 1st President(Washington)

1. Sets up advisors(cabinet)
2. Hamilton is to deal with debts

• Alexander Hamilton

1. Follows structure of the Bank of England for U.S. Bank
2. Hamilton wants to sell securities to earn money to pay off debts
3. National Government takes states debts(More National power)
4. Jefferson(demacratic republicans and southern states) do not like Hamilton's plans. Constitution does not say congress can charter a bank.
5. Wealthy Northerners show support

• Capitol of U.S. moves to D.C. (banks of Patomac)
• 1793 British vs. France

1. French ask for U.S. support/Washington's Nuetrality Proclimation and breaks treaty w/France
2. why...

-British were a trading partner

-no army

-debts

-not ready for war

• Revolt against taxes in Phil (Whisky Rebellion)

1. Washington sent Federal militia and ended rebellion(showing growth in National power)

• Citizen Genet

1. French minister to U.S.
2. Got Americans to harass British ships(tryed to win American support for France) and upset washington

• Jay Treaty

1. Popular by seaport cities

~Brianne

Overview of Class on 10/12/06

We're in the year 1789, George Washington is now in office as President and he elects Hamilton as his Department of the Treasury. One of the very first problems the new nation ran into was debts to Foreign countries, American citizens, and states' debts. The obvious solution for Hamilton was to start taxing the citizens. Hamilton's Plan was to buy back the war bonds sold during the Revolutionary War and to re-issue bonds because he wanted to promote investments. The problem with this idea of bonds was that it only benefitted the northern states because they were made up of merchants who had the money/ currency. Hamilton's first priority is to pay back the Foreign debt. The states debts were taken by the National government. The other idea Hamilton had was to make a National bank which would be chartered by the federal government. This idea causes Thomas Jefferson to flip his wig. Jefferson said the plan resembled Britain's bank. Jefferson is in favor of states rights and state banks. The constitutional agruement then begins, Jefferson says that Congress doesn't have the power to charter the bank and it doesn't say anything about that being allowed in the Constitution. Hamilton retorts with the arguement that the Constitution never said that someone couldn't charter the bank, he also backed that arguement up with the necessity to pay off the nation's debts. In the end Hamilton uses the last power in Article 1 section 8 to his advantage, it says,"To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof." When using this section of the Constitution you are using loose construction to prove your point. Hamilton won in the disagreement against Jefferson. Hamilton issued chartered banks and excise tax, which taxed Americans for wines, coffee, tea, and spirits. The tax on spirits was the hardest one for the Americans to cope with. The tax hurt the whiskey business so badly that peole resorted to a Whiskey Rebellion. The rebellion was very physical and Washington sends the federal milita to put a stop to the rebellion. The Americans then realized that the Constitution was a lot stronger.



Genet,was sent by France as a Minister to the United States. Genet was sent to enlist aid for the French. He commissioned Americans to harass British shipping and enlist Americans in intrigues against the Spanish outpost of New Orleans. Genet then opened France's Caribbean colonies to American shipping, provided Americans made a choice between French free trade and British mercantilism. Genet's mission ended in 1793 when the Girondists fell from power and he couldn't go home for fear of death so he lived out his life in America.

Next, Washington sends John Jay to Britain to negociate disagreements. John Jay comes back with only empty promises from the British where they say they will pull troops from Great Lakes area ( sound familiar?) Washington ratifys treaty.

The Spanish try to anticipate the British and Americans reuniting and gives Spanish Florida and unlimited navigation of the Mississippi River to America.

FINALLY- Washington's farewell address main points-
Avoid long lasting alliances with other countries.
Avoid political parties.
Two term limit on the Presidency.

Article Response

Wow. This article sheds a great deal of light on Stafford's history. The Patawomecks did their part to help John Smith, and consequently, the entire country. Then they were rewarded with years of oppression. Injustices aside, I thought the article was very interesting. I found the part about Pocahontas' mother being a part of the Patawomecks especially intriguing. It's strange to think about who lived in the area before we did. We owe the Patawomecks of the early 17th century a great deal; not only did they help the colonies survive, they gave Stafford a more intriguing history. From now on, we can't complain that all Stafford has is a bowling ally.

Response to Patawomeck Article

This post is almost a repeat of what I commented on the article earlier, so here it is:
The Patawomeck tribe lived in Stafford? Wow, I didn't know such an important tribe lived near here. The Patawomeck did help Jamestown by giving them food dispite the fact that they had their own harsh conditions. I agree with the article that the U.S. may have not been as it is today had the Patawomeck tribe. They, in a sense, had "saved" the potential America culture as we come to know it. It is essential to know that racial and cultural boundaries of the past did keep this knowledge unearthed until most recently. Still, it would be nice if the government would take more notice to this tribe and actually put more information on the Patawomeck Tribe. Overall, This was a good read and I hope to read more articles that uncovers more of our unknown history.

Amazing Article

First of all, I am so shocked that Stafford County was actually linked to Pocahontas. This article really opened my eyes to the history of Stafford. The potomac was a trading point, which was the Indians source of economy. I have lived in Quantico/Stafford almost my whole life, and I never realized that I was in the center of one of the areas that founded America. Without the Indians help the settlers would not have been able to survive and go on to establish our great country. Green is quite interesting, I cannot believe he has waited so long to express his native heritage. However, it has been a blessing to the other Indians in this area because now they are able to come together and learn even more about their ancestors. I think it is quite sad that the Smithsonian is not helpful in cooperating with Green and others in handing over the bones and other artifacts. Those things are sacred. I agree with Green when he said, "If not for the Patawomecks, we would not have the country we have today. We have something to be proud of." Green was on point, they definately have something to be proud of.

Class Summary

Today we broke out into small groups and made skits on the three topics below.

What was the religous shift occuring during time period of our readings. The religious shift from episcopal and congregational to methodist and baptist.

What were the roots of Gabriels Rebellion. The theme "Liberty and Equality" arose from a rebellion in the Caribbean Island of Santa-Domingue. This concept was whispered and spread throughout the slave population. Gabriel attempted to get slaves to rebel and thus end slavery in Virginia. However, on the day of the planned rebellion it rained heavly thus ruining any attempt to march on Richmond. Many of the rebels could not meet at their appointed meeting places, thus the rebellion never got off the ground. Between white terror and black betrayals, the leaders of the rebellion were hunted down, tried and sentenced to death.

The beginings of African-American christianity. In our small group we created a skit and song on how slaves who came from different areas and backgrounds came together and created a new type of religion.

Patawomecks

I found the article interesting; it shed some light to the history of Stafford County. It is hard to believe that a few hundred years ago areas like Central Park were filled with people running around in loin cloths living off the land. It is interesting how now unexciting Stafford was once the pivotal location where the future of this country was decided.

Patawomeck Response

After reading this article, I realized that Stafford County played a role in the success of Jamestown. Everyone knows that Jamestown had it's fair share of hardtimes in developing into a colony, however I was not aware that the Indian tribe that inhabited our county supplied Jamestown with the food and survival methods that were vital at the time. Obviously, the tribe hadn't received much recognition for their aids, but this could've occurred as a result of the dying out of the Indians through the time period. Overall, this article was very informative and I enjoyed reading it.

I find it quite interesting indeed, as well as depressing that the Native Americans that are still living in Stafford cannot bury their ancesters in their home. Thankfully, the Patawomec's are finally receiving the recognition of their contribution to the history of today's American society. If it hadn't been for the Patawomec's, it is a good possibility that we would not be here today.

Patawomeck Response

I had no idea that if it weren't for the local Patawomeck tribe, the American party would probably have ended before it began. It is no state secret that the first few winters for the colonists were a real pain, and I found it really cool to learn that it was a tribe from our humble county that came to save the day. It is rather unfortunate that the tribe has yet to receive state recognition, but at the same time it is understandable. After the tribe was nearly annihilated in 1666, they pretty much vanished from all English records, making it difficult for them to prove that they had consistently lived on the lands they claim. Also, because of past prejudices toward non-whites, it is only recently that many Virginia Indians have started identifying themselves as Indians. Perhaps if the Patawomeck tribe started calling for state recognition several decades ago instead of just recently, they would be recognized by the state of Virginia today.

I read the article thinking it was just going to be some boring history story about how the native americans where here first and the English then kicked them out, ect. just as we've always heard the story before, but to find out that the English and many Native Americans were allies agianst Powatan was surprising, along with the fact that their are still 8 native tribes still in Virginia. I also found it extremly interesting that John Smith mapped the new land. I knew that he was one of the first to make good connections with the indians, but not that he surveyed, and plotted the beginings of the new world. What surprised me the most was how they tracked back their anstestry 400 years, that is a heck of a long time. Technology seases to amaze me.

Patawomeck Article

I would have never guessed that all those things happend in Stafford County! If anything I always hear people complaining about how Stafford is boring there is not much to it...but now, I know that whatever they're talking about isnt true. Stafford has a very deep and rich history beggining with the first steps to the creation of America, thanks to the Patawomecks. But, I still find it extremely dissapointing how people aren't recognizing this incredible tribe and thier descendents. Instead they are taking away the artifacts of their ancestors, which is really the only thing that they have left to actually hold onto. But, luckily they know who they truly are and what they're ancestors have done for our country through the stories that have been passed down through all these generations.

I knew that Virginia had a lot of history in terms of Indians, but I had no idea Stafford was so involved. Its interesting to think that 700 years ago, Stafford was populated by a completely different group of people. I find it surprising that so many relatives live so close to where everything happened and were still unaware about their ancestry and what was going on with the whole smithsonian/bone issue.

CFHS AP US History

Article on Patawomeck Indians

I found the article to be very interesting. About 2 years ago I went to Indian Point with a school group. We got a tour of the area by a descendent of the Patawomeck tribe. She told us about their heritage and about their relationship to Jamestown much like the article did. We hiked on a trail of clam shells through the woods. At one of the places we stopped, she and other descendents showed us different artifacts that they had collected from the land. They also demonstrated and explained some of their rituals and what their ancestors believed in. It was very interesting. Our guide also showed us were they believed Pocahontas was taken. Until that trip I had no idea that there was an Indian tribe in Stafford county that was so important to our history. If you ever have time, you should go to Indian head. I learned a lot.

Very interesting

This amazes me that a tribe that played such a vital role in the history of the Jamestown settlers was not recognized. I always love to learn about local history and when I found out that such an important tribe was located in Stafford it amazed me because I had never heard of this tribe before. After supplying the settlers with much need food and survival tips I don't understand how they could not be recognized early on. I guess just like the other article with advancements in technology it helps us uncover the truth of our history. It's nice to see that we are still advancing our knowledge on American history and figuring out what truly went on. It is also good to see the tribe if finally getting recognition for their role in helping John Smith and the settlers.

Patawomecks Article

Like everyone else, I found this article interesting. Credit is given where credit is due, so I'm glad the Patawomecks are finally receiving theirs after history portrayed the Powahatans as the tribe that kept Jamestown afloat. I also must agree with Green's comment that America would not be what it is today without the Patawomecks because of the fact that Pocahontas' mother was a Patawomeck. Pocahontas needs no introduction as we all know the roll she played in America's history. As far as Green's tribe recognition, I wish him the best of luck and I believe the remaining Patawomecks deserve both their artifacts and remnants as well as their recognition.

I also found it interesting about how the Patawomeck and others called themselves whites and basically giving up their heritage so they wouldn't be subjected to the cruelty and label of "coloreds". I do applaud the descendants of the original Patawomecks for coming together to keep their tribe alive and for taking the initiative to learn and continue the legacy.

RedDawn47

RedDawn47*Patawomecks and their fight for recognition*I think it must be hard for the people that want recognition for the tribe because they have to go through all those processes and never get anywhere. Where would we be today if the Patawomecks hadn't settled here? There wouldn't probably be a Stafford! And it shows that the colonists didn't treat the Indians that well, even that when they helped the colonists. Also, about the digging up the bones of the old tribe, I think that if they want to display them as maybe a memory to them, then maybe it's not so bad as some think. However, it's great that Green is trying to at least try to get the Patawomecks recognized. I think that we need to realize that these people are a part of our country just as much as we are and deserve the right to be recognized.

Patawomecks

It is very sad that the Patawomecks, who played a major role in the development of American history, don't even have state recognition. Before the Europeans arrived, the Indians were the inhabitants of North America, and now they are not even recognized. It isn't right that they have to go through time-consuming processes when they should automatically receive state and federal recognition. Even worse is that some Patawomeck's were and still are ashamed of their heritage and dont acknowledge it. It is wrong that people look condescendingly down on the Indians when without them, Jamestown most likely would not have survived. Although Pocahontas made a great deal of progress with the Indian and colonist realtionship, she actually began the Americans conquering and dominance of the Indians. Without her alliance with John Smith, then later John Rolphe, society as it is now may be completely different.

6th Period - Melanie

Today in class we were given 3 questions to answer and incorperate into either a skit or a poem. The questions were the ones assigned for homework the night before that went along with the reading.

Oct 10th class notes 4th period

Agriculture in Chesapeak region declining

1. The excessive growing of tobacco depleted the soil of nutrients
2. Slave owners had little use for threir slaves

Cotton- the wonder crop

1. in 1793 Eli Whitny invented the cotton gin(also Standardization)
2. Plantation owners found that cotten grew well in the south and due to the cotton gin production sky rocketed
3. Plantation owners begain buying slaves from the Northern States, West Indies, and Africa
4. Slave imports were set to cease in 1808 by constitutional law and Southren Planters were hurring to buy as many as possible before the shut down of the slave market
5. Cotton production brought in vast amounts of forgein money and helped in the expansion of the port cities

Sea Ports- First large cities because they were centers of trade

1. class distintions grew amonst the merchant class
2. very few became very rich and the majority became lower mid-class or upper lower-class
3. cheaper labor caused the decline of master craftsmen

Family roles

1. America became known as the "Alcoholic Republic"
2. Paternal power begain to decline
3. Sons were unable to inherit the family farm
4. daughters were unable to give big doweries
5. Children moved away from family
6. number of pregnancies outside of marrige incresed

Citizenship

1. Dropped the Free Land Clause- required land to vote
2. to obtain voting rights one had to be An Adult white male who pays taxes
3. opened the vote and made US less aristocratic

A tribe's tale Jamestown celebration shines new light on Patawomecks

The history of the Patawomecks was interesting. I didn't know that there were Indian tribes living off reservations. I think it's great that these people are reconnecting with their history. I didn't know there were so many tribes in this area during colonial times. I thought there was basically just the Powhatan tribe and that was it.
Although the article was interesting, after reading it, I got kind of angry. Time and time again we hear how badly the settlers treated the indian tribes. The Patawomecks allied with the English to fight the Powhatans. A few years down the road we make war with our allies and enslave their women and children. It really makes me dissapointed in the colonists and ashamed of how our country began. And even now, we're still treating the Native Americans badly. We force many to live on reservations while Green and his tribe can't get recognition by the government. We also dig up graves to put in museums.
The Patawomeck descendants deserve recognition as a tribe and we as a nation need to realize how badly we treated the Native Americans and start making things right.

A tribe's tale Jamestown celebration shines new light on Patawomecks

The history of the Patawomecks was interesting. I didn't know that there were Indian tribes living off reservations. I think it's great that these people are reconnecting with their history. I didn't know there were so many tribes in this area during colonial times. I thought there was basically just the Powhatan tribe and that was it.
Although the article was interesting, after reading it, I got kind of angry. Time and time again we hear how badly the settlers treated the indian tribes. The Patawomecks allied with the English to fight the Powhatans. A few years down the road we make war with our allies and enslave their women and children. It really makes me dissapointed in the colonists and ashamed of how our country began. And even now, we're still treating the Native Americans badly. We force many to live on reservations while Green and his tribe can't get recognition by the government. We also dig up graves to put in museums.
The Patawomeck descendants deserve recognition as a tribe and we as a nation need to realize how badly we treated the Native Americans and start making things right.

Guess What this is... AN ARTICLE RESPONSE!!!

Like everyone else, I found this article pretty interesting. I knew of some history in the Stafford area, but honestly, not as far back as Colonial times. I mean I knew that Indians existed in this area, but little did I know that they had such impact. It's awesome to know that the beginning of the United States was a success mostly because of the Patawomecks. Without their help, the settlers wouldn't of survived and have been able to create our country. It's also pretty cool that Green is able to trace his ancestry that far back, and that he's so enthusiastic about it. Hopefully the understanding of the Patawomecks will grow and people will once again began to celebrate their heritage. It's also kinda weird to think that the ground we walk on is the ground that Indian's walked freely, and that at one time this country was really filled with nature and not with construction and buildings.

Patawomeck Article Response

This article is very interesting. I was amazed when i found out that Pocahontas was real when i was little after watching the Disney movie. And i really didnt realize that her tribe was located so near where i live now. Its really amazing when you think about the past and see how it relates to what you are living today. It is sad though about the man named Green and how they are struggling to get their tribe recognised. It is also sad that the Smithsonian wont give him and the rest of their tribe the bones and artifacts back of their ancestors. I think its sad that in our world today that they have to struggle so much. I think that we dont give the Native Americans what they deserve. We treated them so badly in the beginning, and they really helped us survive when we first came here. If it wasn't for them, then we would not have had the same colonial survival as we had. The settlers in Jamestown were starving to death and the Indians helped them survive through the winter. We owe them, and the least we could do is to give them their artifacts back and recognise their tribe.

Now i leave you with this........

Article Response

The article is truely amazing to me. The Patawomecks played an enormous role in the history of the United States, yet the tribe remains unrecognized as a legitimate tribe in the state of Virginia. The efforts of Robert Green to change this is inspiring. He is proud of his Inidan ancestry and is fighting to make the world, or atleast the state of Virginia, realized the importance of the Pawawmecks to Jamestown. His actions are encouraging to others to find out about their ancesters. I was definitely intrigued to know that Stafford had connections to our country's history.

This article was very interesting to me. I never really knew the history/culture of Stafford County, besides the basics. The Patawomecks, a tribe based in Stafford County, were linked to Pocahontas, who helped save Jamestown. I find it interesting that the Patawomecks aren't a well-known tribe, especially due to their significance with American History.It is fascinating to hear that a tribe that tremendously affected the development of Jamestown, leading to the development of our country, is still seeking out federal recognition. Very interesting!

CFHS AP US History-- for 10/10/06

Okay so today we got our vocabulary notecards back.

Notes:

"1790-1820"
Slavery was less labor intensive.
Cotton was their new cash crop and they eventually came out with the cotton gin which cleans the cotton and makes there less need for manual work.
The cotton faming industry thing moved towards the south.
They mainly had their cotton market in england.
The cotton gin was invented by eli whitney who also invented interchangable parts (the weapons used to be made by different people so when they broke it was hard to get them fixed. when eli came into the weaponry business, he said that if they were all made out of the same parts then when they broke it would be waaaay easier to fix.)
The need for slaves is going down so the slave owners could hire them out to other people or make them find a job in town and then work out a payment plan where they still get some money.
After 1808 there was no more atlantic slave trade, however there was some smuggling going on in the carolinas with the carribbean.
Prior to the cotton gin, some slave owners were letting slaves go that were moslty older and weaker.
Cotton could be grown on smaller farms along with the larger plantations and you could still make a profit... so it was AWESOMMMEEE!!!
In the Chesapeake, where they were mixing crops between neighbors, there was a shift to slaves working in artisan tradesmen work, and without much supervision.
Seaport cities were large trading centers by water with access to ocean and inland river ways. They were very dirty and urban.
There was a split between merchants, who were rich, and ship service men, who were poor.
Life for artisans changed in 1790. They were very highly thought of before when they would go through apprenticeship, then become journeymen, and then become master craftsmen. But then their status changed as factories came in and they were undercut and not really important anymore.
Father as a powerful figure in the family changed too. They dont have much to give their sons or daughters so the children realize that they would have to go out on their own and find a way of life. They didnt have to suck up to their fathers to get land because they wouldnt get it anyway.
People could marry whoever they wanted now, there were many premarital pregnancies between formerly engaged men and women, there was a rise in alcohol consumption (roads were so bad that many farmers could not get the rice they had to market without it spoiling or having to raise the price to make profit from the extra care it took to get it there.. and with the high prices no one would want to buy it. Sooo they would distil it in whiskey= unspoiled and they can make a lot of money!!)
Citizenship in the early 1700s was only for white land owning males, but by the 1790s-1800s they dropped the landowning part and just made it all white males (which still sucks) because less people owned property.

well thats all...

homework was to post on the blog about the article

Patawomeck Article Response

I found it quite interesting that Stafford County still has a decent-sized Indian population today that descends from the Patawomecks. I'm glad that, through the work of Green and others like him, efforts for state recognition as a tribe are underway. Why they already aren't recognized as a legitimite tribe of Virginia puzzles me now, but hopefully Green's efforts won't have been in vain. While I knew that Pocahontas was captured in Stafford County, I did not now that present-day Stafford County was the northern tip of Powhatan's territory. Also, while on the subject, I agree with Green in the article when he says that the success of the United States as a country today really should be credited to the Patawomeck Indians, because without them, without Pocahontas and her father, many of us would still be in Europe or elsewhere. Also, if anyone knows, where are Marlbourough Point and Indian Point? I know that there's a road called Marlbourough Point Road, but I don't remember where it is.

Unbelievable

I find it rather interesting that Indians once lived in our tiny area of Stafford. I really like how they called them the Patawomecks. I think that it’s awesome that some of us could be living on historical land. I have to agree with Christine that I have never heard of Native Americans living in Stafford. I remember we learned in the 4th grade about Native Americans but we never talked about how they lived in this very area. I never knew that there were actual tribes. I guess I have just been lost all my life. It honestly blows my mind! I am just overwhelmed with all this new information that I am learning about Virginia. Thank you Mr. G for making me smarter!
P.S. We should watch Pocahontas….
Stephanie

Patawomeck Response

I was aware of Stafford county having a significant role in and around the time of the civil war but I had no idea that there were serious ties predating that. It is a nice thing to know that Stafford county had a rather large part in shaping the early colonial America. I can understand why the government would have some trouble in recognizing them as a tribe due to
lack of official documentation of the tribe through the years. They are really only relying on oral history passed down through generations of the tribe, so the lack of the hard evidence is a major factor. I do like the idea that Stafford does have some importance rather than the useless existence that I've always thought it has kept.

-Daniel

Patawomeck Article

I believe my first post didn't quite go through, if not then I am going to have a double post and I apologize now for any such occurance. I already knew many counties near and along creeks surronding the potamac included a rich history. My grandmother actually lives along the Potomac River and it is strange to knew that when we are out near Aquia creek on day trips with the family that many Indians actually went along up and down the creek. Not many can look back as far as Green did, and it is quite impressive to see that a Stafford group of Indians played such a large role on the future country's success.

-Thanks Donald

Response to Patawomeck article

Wow. I think it's pretty cool that Stafford has such a history behind it. The article was actually very informative, and not just in a usual boring history article way. It's neat to read about the history of Stafford and to think that such seemingly famous people these days, who we study, walked and lived there. The only boring part of the article was when they focused on what the tribes did, only because we already know all of that (about how the women made pottery). I think this calls for a field trip =).

Response to The Article

I thought that it was interesting how many descendents from the Jamestown era are living in Stafford right now. I also thought it was cool that a lot of the Patawomek Indians still live close to each other in the same section of Stafford. I didn't know that it was hard for an Indian tribe to become recognized by the state and the country. I also didn't think that there were people that weren't proud of their heritage. I hope that Robert Green can gain recognition for his tribe. Especially since they were they are a part of our hometown's history.

Matt Faha

Article Response

After all we learned I wasn't suprised to read John Smith was involved in the early dealings with the Patawomeks. Didn't know he drew a detailed map of the area though. The article focuses too much on the current day ails of American Indians for my tastes but that's good info to have when you consider the effects of early interactions between Indians and colonists. I was suprised to read that they allied themselves with the English against Powhatan. I didn't think the colonists had any allies at that point. Typical English backstabbing when they go and massacre the tribe less than fifty years after they were allies.
It was also pretty interesting that so many people could track their geneology back so far as to realize their anscestors were members of this tribe. I don't think I've ever worked my geneology back further than two hundred years, much less four hundred. I had no idea there were eight recognized tribes left in the state. I thought most of the recognized tribes had been moved west a long time ago. Not to say that's a good thing, that's just what I thought.

Patawomeck

Although I find it interesting that such a history is found here in Stafford county, I am upset that ancestors that live here are just now revealing their connections. I think members should be proud of their ancestry and should have revealed it a long time ago even if they tried to keep quiet. I understand that they now might be revealing such details due to the attention that the tribe is getting from the 400th anniversary of Jamestown coming up. Even if they hadn't helped out with the survival of Jamestown, they should have accepted the fact that they were related to a Native American tribe which existed right here in Stafford. And if they didn't realize it, their ancestors have played an important role in the growth of our county from many years ago.

Patawomeck acticle

I found this article rather interesting. I was not aware that there was a specific tribe that inhabited Stafford nor that John Smith would stop here, although, flabbergasted I’m not. What I did find quite interesting was to learn of the difficulty that Green is having with the State to recognize the Patawomeck as a state tribe. I'm sure that the need for clear records is a wise law, considering people would be like, "I'm Indian! Now let me open a casino and get scholarships for college!"

Ahem, well, I was also interested to learn that many people that are ancestrally Indian still live here and how they were linked to Pocahontas. Well, lets hope they get the recognition they deserve.

Response to "Stafford Patawomecks"

It's pretty neat to find out that Stafford County was a center of historical events. I actually came across a picture in our textbook that had a close-up map on the region to the south of us and it actually had a dot label Stafford, which was pretty surprising to find out.
I also came to know of the Patawomeck tribe by reading this article. I have always thought that the Powhatans were the ones who gave the settlers food and information, but by reading this article I find that the Patawomecks were the ones who actually gave the Jamestown colony the ability to survive.
It's interesting on how far Mr. Green can trace back his ancestors' connections with the Patawomecks, and that to by basically word of mouth. The tremendous sense of pride that Mr. Green has of his ancestory is probably the largest that I have seen.

Period Five Notes a la Joe

After getting our vocab lists from the last chapter passed back, we continued discussing the period between 1800-1850(ish)

-Slavery was declining with tobacco production (VA began shifting to grain or cattle)
-Slaves were part of a person's wealth (along with land) so the farmers only gave away the weak ones
-Cotton Gin (1794) picks out seeds from cotton
-Allowed 50 pounds of cotton vs. 1 pound a day
-cotton was in high demand across the pond
-Slaves were needed to run the machines
-It was better to grow cotton plantation style, but could also be farmed in a small area
-Slaves were hired out as artisans
-No new slaves were imported from Africa
-stated by constitution in 1808. This made slave owners nervous
-Seaport cities = Trade centers
-Dirty, unhealthy, small number of rich people
-Paternal power decline
-Sons and daughters begin to realize they won't get a huge farm/ dowry
-fathers have less say in who their children marry
-Social ills
-alcohol, grain is made into whisky because it keeps longer during transport
-Many engaged couples get pregnant
Voting laws
-Non-landowners could vote after 1790
- Changed Gov.- uneducated, poor men could make decisions

response to patawomeck article

I found the patawomeck article very interesting. It's good to know that people are tracing their roots and in the process uncovering new things about the history and times of Jamestown.

Although it is sad that the Smithsonian will not give the bones of indian ancestors back to the present day patawomecks, they are doing it for a reason. The article states that the present day patawomecks have not been able to prove their continuous connection to land where the Accokeek Creek and Potomac Creek meet. This makes me wonder exactly how sure the indians of today know that they are indeed from the patawomeck tribe. The only evidence given in the article proving any sort of heritage are family stories passed down by relatives for generations. It seems as if the present day indians do not have enough convincing evidence to prove their ancestry and recieve the bones.

However, the article also states that the smithsonian does not recognize the tribe because they are not recognized by the government. The article does not go into detail about the requirements the government has for being recognized as a tribe, and I would be interested in seeing what requirements the patawomecks do not meet. After all the historical evidence is there. John Smith encountered the tribe and made notes of it in his journal.

As for me, i had no idea that the patawomeck tribe even existed reading this article. It's interesting that pochantas' mother is believed to have come from this tribe. I guess you learn something new every day.

Patawomeck Response

I thought the article was very interesting. It is great to know that important things actually do occur in Stafford County area. John Smith one of the most important people walked this ground. The Patawomeck was one of many important tribes that helped the settlement of the New World. It is great to get insider details on interesting things that happened that maybe the book does not go over. Mr. Green is fighting for a great cause and i hope everythink goes well with him.

response to article

This article comes as some surprise to me, as i'm sure it did most of you. I always assumed that since fredericksburg sprang up near here, and become such a big city that the original area must have been very good and fertile and home to indians. Now staffford isn't fredericksburg, but it is close. Mr. Green trying to get state recognition as a tribe is honorable, however in this day and age, the system is not made to deal with incidents as old as the original inhabitants of the area, and reall doesn't care. However if he is able to get recognition with the 400th anniversary of jamestown it would be very impressive. No matter what happens in our history the indians are there, from the beginning to now in the year 2006, it is very impressive in my opinion. Sadly in 2006 there are government and private programs such as the smithsonian which have enough power to stop Mr. Green's cause and keep his ancestors bones in storage. Overall it is a very interesting dive into the modern relation with indians that has survived enough through time to try and be revived, even on a very basic level.

Response to Patawomecks Article

I've never learned anything about the Patawomeck tribe, I didn't even know that they existed. I find it interesting that the Smithsonian Institution in Washington won't give back items that belong to the Patawomeck tribe just because they are not recognized by the government. I didn't know that the areas around and in Stafford had so much history. The most interesting fact I found in the article was that Jamestown could have completely died out if it weren't for the help of the Patawomecks. The country we have to today wouldn't be the same if it weren't for them. I can't believe that we are just learning about this tribe, I feel that we should've learned about the Patawomecks a long time ago.

Response to Patawomecks Article

Patawomecks Article

How is it that after 400 years and 11 years of history classes, we only learn about the Patawomecks now? That's amazing that we have been living so close to the site of major historical occurances. I've never heard of the people in the article before, the history books don't go into great detail over these seemingly simple occurances. That video we watched near the beginning of the year ( about Jamestown and John Smith) said nothing of the other Indian encounters on his explorations. We always seem to focus on the Powhatans and the story of Pocahontas. What if the settlers had died due to their lack of food because the Powhatans were not willing to share? It's amazing that a minor detail like that was substanial in the long run. Also, I never thought of there being any tribes in Virginia. Sure there are reservations , but they seem to be centered out west, it just never occured to me that my neighbors might have some relations to the these Patawomecks(at least I don't think that they do).

Interesting Article!

It is very interesting that we are now living in areas that Indians use to live. After reading the article I would like to meet this Robert Green. The Patawomecks is such a cool name. It is quite interesting that the museum is very protective over the artifacts and will not give them back to the tribe. They should realize that they belong to the Indians and the know what to do with them. I am pleased to hear that the have founded a Patawomeck Band Memorial Park for them. As stated in the article Virginia would not be the way it is know if is was not for Indians. The Indians could of not helped the settlers and they could of all died and we would not even be here or our generation could be the ones who are discovering the Americans. Learning new things everyday is great!

6th period notes from Friday, October 6

• In class we went over the Ch. 5 & 6 quiz
• Assigned photographical digital history project, due Deec.13

Notes

• farmers can't take of sons so sons leave home, most become apprentices in big cities
• more urbanization
• farming was believed to be a man's job
• after 1790 international demand for American farmin products goes up
• farmers used to subsistence grow more crops so they could sell for coin and paper money
• beginning of more emphasized separation in gender roles, the nen went and made the deals with the merchants and handled all the business
• see the beginnings of industrialization (shoes, furniture, cloth produced)
• industrial outwork, organized within the family, gave more power to father who told wife and children what to do and make
• neighborly cooperation increases
• raising houses & barns, corn husking bring neighborhoods together
• much dancing, celebrating, and drinking
• most farm houses were small, 1 story, few rooms, no privacy, hearths for heat and light
• By 1800 most homes have plates for eating, knives, forks, place settings, and chairs instead of benches
• life for indians = bad, have the same problems with settlers as before
• restricted to live on reservations in some areas
• British support Indians by giving them supplies, this provoked Anti-Indian feelings in Americans
• "Mad" Anthony defeats Indians, war ends with Treaty of Grenville
• Treaty of Grenville forces Indians to give up a lot of land, causing them to move into other Indian territory then Indian fight agaisnt Indians
• Indians think of ways to get rid of settlers
• Tecumseh & the Shawnee prohet Tenskwatawa organized Indian tribes called Tecumseh's confederation, put together an army
• become a threath to U.S., americans believe that the Indians will side with Britain in a war
• war at Tipecanoe, Harrison defeats Indians
• in the War of 1812, British are defeated, the Indians are all alone now.

Article

This article, I believe, added an extra sense of thriving culture to Stafford (alongside marking its territory in the uprising/history of the United States), which is often regarded as stale suburbia lacking in those particular areas.
In my opinion, it also is interwoven with the last article that was our assignment. While the last clearly displayed the growing sense efficiency in technology, I think this one exudes the fact that “books, state and federal archaeological reports, and information passed down by families” can just as well lead to the unearthing of such occurrences in their imperative nature. Although the Patawomeck village sketch was based on archaeological digs, it seems that the rest of the information was dug up by ordinary men with a sense of simple determination.
The fact that the Patawomecks (residing in Stafford!) branched such assistance as to help one of the founding colonies in America is something I’m sure, to take pride in—although it seemed to me a bit shocking. Green’s statement, “Jamestown might well have died out. There were only about 30 of them left. They had no food and Powhatan wouldn't give them any," perfectly displays the role the tribe played.
The article also clearly marks the milestone that Americans have achieved in racial/minority integrity (in respect to legalities.) The article speaks of the Racial Integrity Law passed in 1924 and it is contrasted to the break of such biases by such large cultural revivals (which are, of course, assisted by the overturn of the law in 1967.)
I think that the perseverance of individual culture and roots is essential to a stable society and the individualism that shapes everyday America, and that what the Patawomecks are doing with their present-day tribe is certainly an asset to that.
Lastly, the conditions of the Patawomecks’ during colonial times make me think once again to the growing reliance on technological efficiency in contemporary day America. Straw mats?? I was watching something on the History channel about the Zoe tribe and this sort of added more to my knowledge about the differing societies (us vs. tribal ones.)
So, yeah, all in all, it was educational and interesting.

Why wait until Friday

I think you should all get together and watch Pocahantas tomorrow on your day off. Enjoy!

Stafford Patawomeck Article Response

I never realized how much American history is practically in our backyard. It's weird to think that events that the nation knows about from history is so close to where we live. I think that the tribe should be able to get the remains of their ancestors back; however, I also agree with the Smithsonian for keeping them because it is major history. Without the help of this tribe, Jamestown would have never had been able to be a colony. Textbooks always seem to skim over the actual facts and leave us wondering what actually happened. With this article, we are now able to know the truth about Stafford.

Response to the Article

Yet again, another article that points out the minor details of the early settlement for Jamestown. I knew there were Indians near and around the area, but not actually in Stafford County. More and more interesting facts about this county are being revealed. I found the article very interesting. I believe everyone should research about their ancestors and know who they truly are, even though it may not be accepted or acknowledged. I am actually 1/8 Native American.

It is amazing how much you can learn from someone's belongings, such as Smith's journal, and the stories passed down from generation to generation. The Patawomecks helped the settlers, including John Smith from the Jamestown settlement, with food and information. Since Powhatan would not help them, Pocahontas's mother (a Patawomeck) and Pocahontas persuaded the tribe to help the settlers. The settlers would not have survived without their help. The Patawomecks aided the development of this great country and should not be ignored.

The discrimination from the Racial Intergity Law makes people not want to acknowledge their Native American heritage, and soon the wonderous culture may even disappear. I think it is very sad that the Native Americans cannot receive their ancestors' bones and belongings, which are now displayed in a museum. Sure, people may want to see the artifacts in the museum, but I think we should be respectful and allow the Indians to decide what happens to their ancestors' remains.

Patawomeck Article

The Patawomecks are a little known tribe whose origin is actually within Stafford County, and were one of the first tribes to deal with the white settlers, specifically John Smith and the rest of the future denizens of Jamestown. Robert and Jason Green are both descendants of the Patawomeck Tribe, and Robert is it's chief. The difficulty in having uncovered all this new evidence that the Patawomekcs acutally were a distinguished tribe in pre-Jamestown Virginia, is that they now need federal recognition to recover the bones of their ancestors, and other valuable medals and masks that were almost eclipsed by time. The main reason they haven't attained this recognition is because of the Racial Integrity Law passed in 1924, which caused many of those with heritage connected to the Patawomeck tribe to deny any sort of affiliation with it, greatly muddling up who is and isn't part of the tribe.

With all the resources avaliable today, it isn't surprising that people are discovering their real backgrounds, and in some cases it's amazing history, but the problem is you're not quite sure if they're backing themselves up with real evidence. They provide plenty of reasons, but it seems like there aren't any historical documents they show to back the article up as far as relations between the Patawomecks and the settlers. If the information is really that obscure though, it's no wonder so many things like this slip through the cracks, and you'd never think a second thought about how the Jamestown colony survived when Powhatan denied them food, and they had no rations for themselves to speak of. Rather perturbing to think about when articles like this make you realize that we may have all the major points of history down and all the big events arranged, but are missing so many of the details in between that helped to construct it.

My Response to the Article

I thought this was so cool how all those Indians used to live right around here. I wonder why we've never really heard about this before? I would think that even though they are still trying to get recognized as a tribe, there would be a lot more public interest in this story. I'm sure people would like to keep track of how much progress they have made in getting recognized as a tribe. I also find it interesting that Pocohontas' mother was from the Patawomeck tribe. I never knew that.

I second the motion to watch Pocohontas in class Friday!

Response to Patawomeck Article

This article was pretty interesting. I didn't know much about the Patawomeck's and it was interesting to learn that they were so close to where we lived today. The Patawomeck tribe was befriended by John Smith (that's the only person I had actually heard of in the article, except for Pocahontas) near the Potomac Creek. The Patawomeck tribe settled in Stafford in the mid-1300s, and without them give supplies and food to the European settlers, Jamestown would have probably died out. I thought it was cool that Pocahontas's mom was a member of the Patawomeck tribe. Pocahontas and her mother persuaded the tribe to give the settlers food. The Indians settled in Stafford on the creek because it was easily defendable from other tribes, was accessible for trade, and had the best soil for planting. This article is great because I think Stafford is super duper boring, but it's fascinating to know that a lot of the beginnings of America were based right her in our county. ~Liz Z.~ PS-I think it would be a very good idea to watch Pocahontas on Friday, Mr. G.

Patawomecks Assignment

The correct link for the Free Lance Star article is http://fredericksburg.com/News/FLS/2006/102006/10012006/216508 Sorry for the earlier bum steer.

Patawomeck Assignment

I know the link was not getting you to the full article. It has been fixed.

Friday October 6, 2006 AP History

pgs. 255-267

-Farmers & Changes: (1790-1820) it is becoming harder to give out land as inheritance to sons. They do not make much money, and those who do sell more things such as potatoes and cattle overseas.
-South are plantations and it is changing more in the North.
-Farmers are thinking more of farms as business not a form of sustenence just to feed the family.
-Demand for food has gone up, so farmers can make a profit of off surplus (salt in Inida for trade)
-As farmers make surplus to sell gender roles change and there is more separation between sexes. Therefore, growing will be men and houswork will be women's jobs.
-Diet is becoming more varied because they are learning to grow different things.
-Change in industrialization so farmers can earn additional income. Before merchants in cities buy finished products from Britain now they are mad so mercahnts had to find another way to produce finished products. They begin contracting with farm families (out work or industiral outwork) to make the finished products from raw materials (shoes, brooms, ...) equals authority to the father.
-neighborly cooperation increases-work for one another and borrows tools, grow diff. surplus foods and swap off, house/barn raising are neighborhood events, also corn husking was done together.
-time when sons leave home to find their own way to live.
-surpluse improves living conditions for some but not all, so there is a difference
-farm houses are still small and not well kept without many rooms, not a lot of privacy, hearth/fire is source of heat, light is candles and fire.
-By 1800 more families had indiv. place settings and sat in chairs not just on benches. They are actually earning a cash income.
-Indians: mad and have wars with the settlers.
-1790 most whites have land along sea coast or rivers. Indians are inland and separate from whites. They are in toruble-the Iriquois are restricted to preservations in NY and PA. Indians trade with British in forts along great lakes. U.S. army is now against the indians not just colonists.
-Wayne at fallen timbers-fight Inidans treaty of Greenville->Indians have to give up 2/3 of what is now Ohio and NE Michigan
-Interior Indians are competing with each other and settlers for dwindling supply of game. If they move further West, they would run into Plains Indians, who then got made. Indians blame settlers for their troubles and want to be united like they used to without the whites. Attempt to drive them out by Tecompsah and "The Profit" who goes out to try and unite every nation and go back to the "old ways" of life and God will bless them.
They create an army of 650-3000 that become a threat and accept aid from British-tensions grow more and they are moving towards the war of 1812
-The indians might join the British against US
-1811 ->hunter harrison leads US army toward Prophet's town (Tippycanoe) harrison defeats Tecompsah's Indians
-War of 1812- US beats Britain, so all the Indians also lose because they don't have anyone looking out for them anymore.