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Location: Fredericksburg, Virginia

Friday, January 19, 2007

Class Notes for Jan. 19, 5th Period

Our period is a little behind on the notes. But here is where we began today:

  • Austrialian Ballot: secret ballot; cuts down on the party's power (the machine)
  • Personal Registration Laws: progressives want to make sure to crack down on registration; stops abuse on immigrant workers; weakens power of political machines; some people lose the right to vote (b/c of requirements...naturalization)
  • 1906, Bureau of immigrantion & Naturalization: an immigrant must naturalize & become a citizen to vote
  • Big Cities of immigrant: North, Chicago too
  • South uses this to pass laws to make it difficult for African Americans---literacy tests: not fair; not the same ? asked; property qualification(many blacks in the South didn't own land); poll taxes(blacks couldn't afford to pay it)
  • W.E.B. Dubois joins w/ Jane Addams & John Dewey to form NAACP
  • Women's suffrage: 1890 NAWSA--leaders: Stanton & Anthony; advocate for women's voting; advocate for women's voting; Wyoming: 1st state to give women the right to vote (many states in the West allowed women to vote to "tame" the frontier);19th Amendment
  • Most progressive states: NY & Wisconsin
  • Booker T. Washington: former slave; from the South
    message to African Americans: learn a trade, act like responsible citizens & wait for whites to accept blacks; CONCEPT: accommodationism; Atlanta Expos. Speech in 1895
  • W.E.B. Dubois: not a former slave; first African American w/ a Ph.D. out of Harvard
    leads Niagara mvmt—demands end to segregation & discriminatory barriers; fight for the right to vote
  • NAACP: write The Crisis magazine; set up legal redress committee--only way for success; forms Nat’l Urban group: focuses on conditions in urban cities; helps advance Dubois arguments
  • Whites had already begun to accept segregation; Dubois would not however


After these notes, we watched a short video. Here are the video notes that I took:

  • the belief that blacks are inferior ( portrayed as childlike) was accepted
  • most African Americans were trapped in a hostile world; 9 out of 10 lived in the South, where they had no rights---treated as non-citizens
  • 1900, poll taxes, tests, etc. stripped blacks in the South of votes; lynchings were common in the South (most were blacks)
  • George White of NC put forward a bill to make lynching illegal, but didn’t have a chance since he was the only black legislator left
  • Dubois: didn’t feel that blacks could accommodate; believed in power of soc. Science to transform the society
  • Atlanta 1899: Sam Hoise was put on display after being lynched; made Dubois realize that soc. Science wouldn’t work but politics would

That’s it for the video notes. We started to take overhead notes again.

  • National Progressive Reform
  • After 1896, leadership came from the WH in the form of Pres. Roosevelt, Taft & Wilson
    Roosevelt was elected VP in 1900 & became Pres. When McKinley died
    Regulating Trusts
  • Roosevelt set out to break what he considered to be bad trusts
    His justice Dept. prosecuted the N. Securities Co., a RR monopoly. They used the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. The Supreme Court upheld the decision & N. Securities was dissolved.
    Roosevelt wasn’t opposed to all trusts. He saw gov’t regulation of the trusts to ensure us wealth, productivity & raising the standard of living
  • Roosevelts’ prog. Becomes known as the "new nationalism"
    Toward the Square Deal
  • Roosevelt showed where he was coming from in the coal miner’s strike of 1902. The miners wanted a raise & 8 hour workday. Owners refused.
    Roosevelt stunned the mine owners by supporting the miners and threatening to run the mines with federal troops
  • Owners long used to gov’t protection against strikes, agreed to a 10% raise & 9 hour workday
  • Roosevelt invited Washington to dine with him at WH
  • Roosevelt promised every American a square deal when he ran for election in 1904. He called for gov’t control of corps., consumer protection & conservation of nat’l resources.
    Over the Economy
  • Roosevelt got Congress to pass Hepburn Act in 1906; the act increased the ICC powers to review RR rates & its enforcement powers
  • Roosevelt supported Pure Food & drug Act of 1906 & meat inspection act of 1906 from Sinclair’s The Jungle
    Over the Environment
  • Roosevelt oversaw the creation of 5 nat’l parks, 16 nat’l monuments & 53 wildlife reserves
    Roosevelt appointed a public lands commission to survey public land & set up a permit system to regulate their use
  • Roosevelt oversaw the mvmt of responsibility of nat’l forest from the Dept. of Interior to Dept. of Agr. & creation of Nat’l forest service
  • Roosevelt’s old Guard didn’t support his progressive ideas on conservation & struck back w/ legislation curtailing the President’s power to create new gov’t land reserves. Roosevelt responded by seizing another 17 mil. Acres for Nat’l forest reserves before law took effect.
    Mvmt for the PPL
    Before he left office in 1909, Roosevelt expanded reform program to include income & inheritance taxes, workers comp., abolition of child labor & 8hr. workday; widened gap b/t Roosevelt & Old Guard
    Taft Presidency
    Taft won in 1908 after Roosevelt showed his strong support for him
    Taft’s battles w/ Congress
  • Taft alienated prog. when he appeared to side w/ Old Guard on the tariff & powers of the speaker of House (Cannon)
  • Progressives favored tariff reduction; Taft raised expectations for this but didn’t push Congress to get it done. Taft however passed the Payne-Aldrich Tariff of 1909 (did nothing to encourage imports)

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