Wed. Cold War

U.S. and Soviet Union had higher level summit meetings-Khrushchev toured the U.S.-Eisenhower proposed the policy of "open skies"- which allowed both countries to verify their disarmament by flights over each others territory(Soviets say no)-1950s battle against communism was increased to third world-CIA helped overthrow Mohammed Mossadegh's government in Iran and put Shah Reza Pahlavi on Peacock Throne again in 1953-people downwind from atomic bomb test sites were getting illnesses and the radioactive materials conducted the Americans were unaware of-in 1956 Hungarian resistance fighters asked the U.S. for help after the Secretary of State John Foster Dulles talked about supporting liberation~the U.S. watched Soviets kill 1000s of Hungarians-1954 CIA working with the United Fruit Company brought down the Arbenz government in Guatemala (Dollar Diplomacy)-1960 CIA had 15,000 agents around the world-freedom was now identified with free market-U.S. opposed third world government directed economies-the Mutual Security Program and Military Assistance Program spent 3$ billion per year, and trained 225,000 representatives from around the world in anti-communist tactics-Gamal Abdul Nasser came to power in Egypt~accepted aid from both the U.S. and Soviets~he purchased weapons from Czech. and recognized communist China, so the U.S. canceled Aswan Dam loans (bad!)-July 1956 nationalizes Suez Canal (to retaliate!)~Britain, France, and Israel attack Egypt~Eisenhower opposes the assault, and pressures Britain to stop (weird!)~Egypt kept the canal, and Soviets financed the Aswan Project-1957 Eisenhower Doctrine: defend Middle Eastern countries against agression from communism-U.S. sent marines to Lebanon to set up anti-Nasser government-Britain restored King Hussein in Jordan-CIA supported an uprising against Sukarno (the president of Indonesia)~their schemes to assassinate Fidel Castro and Patrice Lumumba were unsuccessful-Communist-Nationalist forces under Ho Chi Minh were fighting for independence from France (Vietnam)~U.S. backed up France-Ho Chi Minh defeated the French at Dien Bien Phu in 1954 and the French withdrew~Geneva Peace talks decided that the French would leave, and China was divided into Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam*Domino Theory: the loss of any country of South East Asia would endanger the security of Europe and Japan-Eisenhower supported a non-communist government in South Vietnam~South Vietnam denounced Geneva Peace Accords, and refused to take part in elections to unify Vietnam-Diem government alienated much of the South Vietnam population, and generated the National Liberation Front (Viet Cong): South Vietnam opposed Diem~would align with North Vietnam-1961 Eisenhower's Farewell Address: warned that the greatest danger to the U.S. was not communism, but nations own "Military Industrial Complex":)