Notes for January 30th; Tuesday; Fifth Period

We mainly picked up where we left off on notes. Grades for the semester and exam are posted by the door by test number and period. We have a DBQ tomorrow, so studyyy.

-Teddy returns. After the Ballinger-Pinchot controversy, he goes on a "New Nationalism" speaking tour after his safari. He calls for a strong federal government to help the economy, protect the weak, and regulate social equality.

-1910 Elections: Republicans and reform-minded Democrats defeat Old Guard Convservative Republicans. Roosevelt announces to run in the 1912 elections, but Taft refuses to step aside.
-Roosevelt left the Republican party to organize the Progressive Party. The party's platform included: sweeping regulation of corporations, protection of workers (minumum wage laws, worker's compensation, child labor prohibition laws, a sharplu graduated income tax, and women's suffrage). They were considered the "Bull Moosers" of the campaigns of 1912.
-Republican vote was split between Roosevelt and Taft. Meanwhile, Democrats nominated reform-minded Woodrow Wilson, and Eugene V. Debs ran for the social party with a reform-minded platform, as well.
-Roosevelt's New Nationalism called fr a strong federal government to regulate and, if necessary, break trusts, social welfare, minimum wage, and social insurance. Wilson's "New Freedom" cakked for dissolution of all trusts, unregulated and unmonopolized markets. The Democrats avoided social welfare issues. Wilson wins.

-Tariff Reform and a Progressive Income Tax: Wilson hurts protectionalists with a direct appeal to the American people by convincing Congress to pass the Underwood-Sammons law of 1913 reducing the tariff from 40% to 25%. An income tax was passed using the 16th Amendment with progressive taxing, in which the wealthier paid more tax than the poor.
-Federal Reserve Act: The Federal Reserve Act of 910 gave the national government authority to regulate credit and currency flow. This Act established 20 regional banks. Every private bank had to depost approx. 6% of its assets in its federal reserve bank. Reserves would be used to make loans to member banks and to issue paper money (called "federal reserve notes"). Mr. G explained this Act at length. This systems stengthened America's financial structure and was an important success.

-New Freedom to New Nationalism: Wilson didn't mount to his vigorous anti-trust campaign. He supported Federal Trade Commission. setting up the FTC to regulate business practices. He supported a weakened Clayton Anti-Trust Act rather than seek authority to vigorously prosecute the trusts. He refused to aid organized groups of workers and farmers, and did not support th campaign for African American political equality. But he pushed for (and got) a Worker's Compensation Law regulating an 8-hour workday. In many ways, Wilson drifted toward Roosevelt's New Nationalism in its social welfare aspects.
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-Frederick Jackson Turner's Frontier Thesis: The 1890 U.S. Census announced that the frontier was closed. Turner argued that it was essential to the economy and cultivation of democracy. he calimed that it had made Americans unique, rugged individualists, egalitarian, and democratic.

-U.S. Looks Abroad: Several factors make American people look overseas.
-rapid industrial growth
-technological advances (transoceanic cables, steamship travel)
-England, Germany, Russia, japan and others sought overseas markets and colonies.
-Some groups argued that America needed to enter this competition. These groups included: Protestant missionaries, businessmen, and imperialists.
-Protestant missionaries believed it the Christian duty to teach the gospel to the Asian masses,
particularly China.
-Businessmen looked for foreign markets to sell to.
-Imperialists wanted the U.S. to become a major world power and saw economic expansion
as a way. They believed in a strong navy, control of the Carribean, and expansion into Asia.
Many took the Social Darwinist approach and saw expansion as a part of survival of the
fittest.

-Admiral Alfred Thayer Mahan was an influential imperialist. He wrote "The Influence of Speaports upon History", arguing that all major world powers relied on their ability to control the seas. He called for a large navy, canals across Central America, naval bases for coal and metal throughout the Carribean and Pacific.
-This spread to politicans. From 1880 onward there was support for a large navy.
-1885: leased Pearl harbor
-1889: established protectorate over Samoa to keep Germany and Britain out
-1891: American sugar plantation owners in Hawaii desposed of the King and put Queen
Lililuokalani (sp?) into power.
-1893: Hawaii declared the U.S. protectorate after American planters overthrew the Queen
with the help of U.S. sailors and marines.
-Jingoism: nationists who thought a swaggering foreign policy and willingness to go to war
would enhance the American reputation.

-Spanish American War: In 1895 Cubans revolted against the Spanish and destoyed much of th Island. Spanish response was brutal. Cubans were forced into concentration camps.
-American press inflamed public opinion against Spanish military lead "Butched Weyler" in Cuba. Hearst (New York Journal) and Pulitzer (New York World) printed shcoking stories in lurid detail to sell papers.
-When riots in Havans broke out, President McKinley orded the USS Marine, a battleship, into Havana to protect American citizens and their property.
-February 15th, 1898, Marine exploded in the harbor killing 260 sailors-Americans were convinced that Spain had struck first.
-Papers exploded with this occurrence through "yellow journalism".

Class ended, but we weren't really doneee.