Notes for Wednesday (1/4), 5th Period
Today, we watched another video and Mr. G handed out Voices of the American Past, V. 2.
Notes on the video:
-From 1860 to 1900, small places became dominated by big corporations, and by 1900 America experienced an economic colossus. A side effect of industrialization was big corporations taking over other businesses.
-Railroads played an important role during this time period, as railroads such as provendary (sp?) Point connected the East and West. From 1865 to 1900 track mileage greatly increased. They also opened up new lands for settlements, gave jobs and fueled steel, coal and timber to markets
-Where technology was concerned, the Centennial Exposition showcased major technological advances (including the steamboat). Alexander Graham Bell created the telephone, while Thomas Edison created the Menlo Park Lab where he created the phonograph and electric light bulb.
-In American economy, corporations arose (functioning in a bureaucratic manner), oftentimes exploiting natural resources and workers. Advertising also developed. By 1890, people such as Carnegie and Rockerfeller were considered "captains of industry" and "robber barons" (although the two were considered great philanthropists of their time). Many opposed railroad barons. By 1900, America's production surpassed that of Britain's and France's combined.
-In the American West, natural resources were abundant west of Mississippi, and the spread of industry came into the Midwest. The Homestead Act fueled much migration. silver and gold provided money, whereas coal fueled the railroads situated in the area. The region was a great consumer of wood, especially railroad and mining companies.
-Where Texas and cattle were concerned, by 1866 ranchers drove cattle into the East via railroad (the invention of barbed wire also assisted them in doing so as farmers were able to enclose their animals). Eastern and European demand for beef created a great market for Texas.
-Western farmers mainly came through the Homestead Act, and the Santa Fe Railroad (1885) set off migration to California. New tools, seeds, and dry soil technologies provided for bettered farming techniques. Women also had new opportunities, and in some states began to vote. However, prices plunged as farmers went to debt, and big commercial agriculture (i.e. Bonanza Farms) set into place. Refridgerated boxcars transported their foods and changed the American diet.
-The rise of cities was also commonly seen, as cities such as Chicago topped over 1 mil. In population, mainly as manufacturing and industry moved to them [cities where labor, consumers, and produced presided. The largest cities were in the Northeast and Midwest, but eventually began to grow in the South and West. Mass-transit helped cities spill into the countryside, as class inequalities became painfully obvious. Also, streetcars played an important role in city transportation.
-Pollution and destruction of nature became a pressing issues, as books such as Man and Nature by Perk arrived. Natural vegetation, species extinction (bison), river pollution, and deforestation grew in alarming numbers. Congress created the first national park (Yellowstone), and railroad companies, seeing great profit, encouraged t to build more. The National Audubon Society formed, and naturalist and preservationalist John Muir created the Sierra Club to preserve natural wonders.
-Urban pollution and diseases were prominent, as they spread and runoff was set off into rivers and garbage into oceans. By 1880, general health began to eventually improve.
-The dawn of a new century loomed, as America pondered of the post-Civil War years before the 20th century. Immigration fueled much/most of this growth.
Oh, and takehome quiz (17-20) tomorrow!!
Notes on the video:
-From 1860 to 1900, small places became dominated by big corporations, and by 1900 America experienced an economic colossus. A side effect of industrialization was big corporations taking over other businesses.
-Railroads played an important role during this time period, as railroads such as provendary (sp?) Point connected the East and West. From 1865 to 1900 track mileage greatly increased. They also opened up new lands for settlements, gave jobs and fueled steel, coal and timber to markets
-Where technology was concerned, the Centennial Exposition showcased major technological advances (including the steamboat). Alexander Graham Bell created the telephone, while Thomas Edison created the Menlo Park Lab where he created the phonograph and electric light bulb.
-In American economy, corporations arose (functioning in a bureaucratic manner), oftentimes exploiting natural resources and workers. Advertising also developed. By 1890, people such as Carnegie and Rockerfeller were considered "captains of industry" and "robber barons" (although the two were considered great philanthropists of their time). Many opposed railroad barons. By 1900, America's production surpassed that of Britain's and France's combined.
-In the American West, natural resources were abundant west of Mississippi, and the spread of industry came into the Midwest. The Homestead Act fueled much migration. silver and gold provided money, whereas coal fueled the railroads situated in the area. The region was a great consumer of wood, especially railroad and mining companies.
-Where Texas and cattle were concerned, by 1866 ranchers drove cattle into the East via railroad (the invention of barbed wire also assisted them in doing so as farmers were able to enclose their animals). Eastern and European demand for beef created a great market for Texas.
-Western farmers mainly came through the Homestead Act, and the Santa Fe Railroad (1885) set off migration to California. New tools, seeds, and dry soil technologies provided for bettered farming techniques. Women also had new opportunities, and in some states began to vote. However, prices plunged as farmers went to debt, and big commercial agriculture (i.e. Bonanza Farms) set into place. Refridgerated boxcars transported their foods and changed the American diet.
-The rise of cities was also commonly seen, as cities such as Chicago topped over 1 mil. In population, mainly as manufacturing and industry moved to them [cities where labor, consumers, and produced presided. The largest cities were in the Northeast and Midwest, but eventually began to grow in the South and West. Mass-transit helped cities spill into the countryside, as class inequalities became painfully obvious. Also, streetcars played an important role in city transportation.
-Pollution and destruction of nature became a pressing issues, as books such as Man and Nature by Perk arrived. Natural vegetation, species extinction (bison), river pollution, and deforestation grew in alarming numbers. Congress created the first national park (Yellowstone), and railroad companies, seeing great profit, encouraged t to build more. The National Audubon Society formed, and naturalist and preservationalist John Muir created the Sierra Club to preserve natural wonders.
-Urban pollution and diseases were prominent, as they spread and runoff was set off into rivers and garbage into oceans. By 1880, general health began to eventually improve.
-The dawn of a new century loomed, as America pondered of the post-Civil War years before the 20th century. Immigration fueled much/most of this growth.
Oh, and takehome quiz (17-20) tomorrow!!
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