Friday, January 16, 2009

On Friday we talked in class about Bush's farewell speech, took notes, and then Mr. Gottschalk gave some of us our Ch. 17-20 Tests back (some were not graded). Here are the notes that we got through so far:

• The Progressives wanted to rid corruption from cities. Enacted a commission plan and city management plan
  
• The Progressives changed state reform
• The 17th Amendment stated that Senator selection in each state was to be decided by popular vote
• Recall: Can be done if a politician is elected and people think he is doing a poor job in office
• Australian ballot: First time a secret ballot was used. Made voter's selection private. System began to be used by the U.S.
• 15th Amendment: Stated that government could not reject a citizen from voting based on race. Literacy tests were given to steal the right to vote away from African Americans anyways. The tests were made easier for whites and made harder for African Americans. Property qualifications (you must own land to vote) and poll taxes (you must pay a tax to be able to vote) made it even harder for African Americans to actually be able to vote. If your grandfather could vote in 1860, you didn't have to take the literacy tests. Obviously, no African Americans alive then could vote so African Americans were still denied the right to vote
• W.E.B. Du Bois was an African American Progressive. He was the first African American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard University. He believed the 15th Amendment was wrong and along with Jane Adams, John Dewey, and others established the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
• This reenergizes the want to give the vote to women also. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony founded the National Women's Suffrage Association
• Failure of Booker T. Washington's accommodationism
• W.E.B. Du Bois and Ida B. Wells founded Niagara movement for African American equality.
• Legal Redress Committee and National Urban League created. Readdressed the issue of racial equality at a time when many whites had accepted segregation and discrimination as normal.
• 1848: All women and men created equal
• 1890: Women stated that they had a higher set of morals than men and should be able to vote, like men
• 19th Amendment: (ratified in 1920) States that the right to vote will not be based on gender