Notes for January 30th; Tuesday; Fifth Period

We mainly picked up where we left off on notes. Grades for the semester and exam are posted by the door by test number and period. We have a DBQ tomorrow, so studyyy.

-Teddy returns. After the Ballinger-Pinchot controversy, he goes on a "New Nationalism" speaking tour after his safari. He calls for a strong federal government to help the economy, protect the weak, and regulate social equality.

-1910 Elections: Republicans and reform-minded Democrats defeat Old Guard Convservative Republicans. Roosevelt announces to run in the 1912 elections, but Taft refuses to step aside.
-Roosevelt left the Republican party to organize the Progressive Party. The party's platform included: sweeping regulation of corporations, protection of workers (minumum wage laws, worker's compensation, child labor prohibition laws, a sharplu graduated income tax, and women's suffrage). They were considered the "Bull Moosers" of the campaigns of 1912.
-Republican vote was split between Roosevelt and Taft. Meanwhile, Democrats nominated reform-minded Woodrow Wilson, and Eugene V. Debs ran for the social party with a reform-minded platform, as well.
-Roosevelt's New Nationalism called fr a strong federal government to regulate and, if necessary, break trusts, social welfare, minimum wage, and social insurance. Wilson's "New Freedom" cakked for dissolution of all trusts, unregulated and unmonopolized markets. The Democrats avoided social welfare issues. Wilson wins.

-Tariff Reform and a Progressive Income Tax: Wilson hurts protectionalists with a direct appeal to the American people by convincing Congress to pass the Underwood-Sammons law of 1913 reducing the tariff from 40% to 25%. An income tax was passed using the 16th Amendment with progressive taxing, in which the wealthier paid more tax than the poor.
-Federal Reserve Act: The Federal Reserve Act of 910 gave the national government authority to regulate credit and currency flow. This Act established 20 regional banks. Every private bank had to depost approx. 6% of its assets in its federal reserve bank. Reserves would be used to make loans to member banks and to issue paper money (called "federal reserve notes"). Mr. G explained this Act at length. This systems stengthened America's financial structure and was an important success.

-New Freedom to New Nationalism: Wilson didn't mount to his vigorous anti-trust campaign. He supported Federal Trade Commission. setting up the FTC to regulate business practices. He supported a weakened Clayton Anti-Trust Act rather than seek authority to vigorously prosecute the trusts. He refused to aid organized groups of workers and farmers, and did not support th campaign for African American political equality. But he pushed for (and got) a Worker's Compensation Law regulating an 8-hour workday. In many ways, Wilson drifted toward Roosevelt's New Nationalism in its social welfare aspects.
___________________________________________________________________

-Frederick Jackson Turner's Frontier Thesis: The 1890 U.S. Census announced that the frontier was closed. Turner argued that it was essential to the economy and cultivation of democracy. he calimed that it had made Americans unique, rugged individualists, egalitarian, and democratic.

-U.S. Looks Abroad: Several factors make American people look overseas.
-rapid industrial growth
-technological advances (transoceanic cables, steamship travel)
-England, Germany, Russia, japan and others sought overseas markets and colonies.
-Some groups argued that America needed to enter this competition. These groups included: Protestant missionaries, businessmen, and imperialists.
-Protestant missionaries believed it the Christian duty to teach the gospel to the Asian masses,
particularly China.
-Businessmen looked for foreign markets to sell to.
-Imperialists wanted the U.S. to become a major world power and saw economic expansion
as a way. They believed in a strong navy, control of the Carribean, and expansion into Asia.
Many took the Social Darwinist approach and saw expansion as a part of survival of the
fittest.

-Admiral Alfred Thayer Mahan was an influential imperialist. He wrote "The Influence of Speaports upon History", arguing that all major world powers relied on their ability to control the seas. He called for a large navy, canals across Central America, naval bases for coal and metal throughout the Carribean and Pacific.
-This spread to politicans. From 1880 onward there was support for a large navy.
-1885: leased Pearl harbor
-1889: established protectorate over Samoa to keep Germany and Britain out
-1891: American sugar plantation owners in Hawaii desposed of the King and put Queen
Lililuokalani (sp?) into power.
-1893: Hawaii declared the U.S. protectorate after American planters overthrew the Queen
with the help of U.S. sailors and marines.
-Jingoism: nationists who thought a swaggering foreign policy and willingness to go to war
would enhance the American reputation.

-Spanish American War: In 1895 Cubans revolted against the Spanish and destoyed much of th Island. Spanish response was brutal. Cubans were forced into concentration camps.
-American press inflamed public opinion against Spanish military lead "Butched Weyler" in Cuba. Hearst (New York Journal) and Pulitzer (New York World) printed shcoking stories in lurid detail to sell papers.
-When riots in Havans broke out, President McKinley orded the USS Marine, a battleship, into Havana to protect American citizens and their property.
-February 15th, 1898, Marine exploded in the harbor killing 260 sailors-Americans were convinced that Spain had struck first.
-Papers exploded with this occurrence through "yellow journalism".

Class ended, but we weren't really doneee.

Snow Day! Study for mid-term exam on Thursday!

Class notes for 4th period for friday

Sorry this is late.
On friday we turned in our timelines for the project. Then we took notes and watched a video clip. The notes are:
Failure of Booker T Washington accommodations
-progressives main concern was civil rights
-Washington argued that blacks should learn to trade, act like responsible citizens, and wait for whites to notice
-Washington said blacks should accept segregation, lack of voting, and help themselves
-1885 Washington put his ideas in a speech in Atlanta
-speech critized by Ida B Wells and dubious
~Ida first African American to receive a PhD from Harvard
~Dubois lead the Niagara Movement which demanded voting, stop of segregation, and stop of discrimination

NAACP
-worked through the courts
-1914 had thousands of members, Black and White

~Many whites accepted segregation and discrimination as normal

National Progressive reform
-after 1896, leadership came from white house inform of President Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson
-Roosevelt elected as vice-president, in 1900 became president when McKinley shot

Regulation the trusts
-Roosevelt set out to break what he considered bad trusts
-his justice department persecuted north securities company, a railroad monopoly, used the Sherman anti-trust act
-Roosevelt was not opposed to all trust, he saw that government regulation was needed
-ideas called New Nationalism

Towards a square deal
-coal miners act of 1902. Miners wanted a raise and 8 hr workday. owners did not want to negotiate
-Roosevelt supported miners, threatened to run the mine with federal troops
-owners changed
~10% raise and 9 hr workday

-Roosevelt invited Booker T Washington to dinner

-Roosevelt promised all Americans square deal, government control of corporations, consumer protection, and conservation of natural resources
-he got congress to pass hepburn act of 1906, act increases power of government on railroads
-supported pure food and drug act of 1906 and meat inspection act of 1906

environment
-over saw creation of 5 national parks, 15 national monuments, 53 wildlife perserves
-created public land commission to survey land and set up permits
-oversaw national forest service
-old gaurd did not support Progressive ideas
- they wanted to stop the power to create land reserves
-Roosevelt seized 17 million acres before the law was ineffect

-Roosevelt expanded law on income tax and inheritance, national workmen's compensation law, child labor, 8 hr workday
-this widened the gap between Roosevelt and old gaurd

Taft
-won easily in 1908 as Roosevelts hand picked successor

Battles with congress
- alienated progressives when he appeared to side with old gaurd on tariff and powers of speaker of the house
-progressives favored tariff reduction, Taft raised expectations for tariff reduction and didn't rush congress to bring down. Payne- aldrich tariff of 1909 did not encourage imports

Ballinger- Pinchot controversey
-secretary of interior Ballinger aroused progressives by opening 1 million acres of land for private commerical use
-Roosevelt's national forest service lead person Pinchot found that Ballinger was doing something with Alaska's oil deposits
-Pinchot told Tft, Taft backed Ballinger and Pinchot was fired
-hearing this Roosevelt came back from Africa and called for a stronger federal government to stabilize the economy, proect the weak, and restore social harmony

-Roosevelt announced his candidacy for president in 1912, Taft refused to step aside
-Taft wins nomination, supported by old gaurd
-Roosevelt left Republican party and is nominated by progressive party, also called bullmoosers

Platform
-regulation of corporations
-exrensive protection for workers(wage)
-workmen's compensation

Class Notes for Monday, January 22

Okay, so I guess I lucked out on this one.

No notes because of the SNOW DAY! Everyone loves a good snow day, so enjoy your day off... and don't kill yourselves because of exam study.

Good luck this week.

AP History Class on Friday, January 19th, 6th Period

In class today we took notes and watched a video clip

The clip was on the feelings of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Dubois towards blacks rights and segregation.

Notes:
Booker T. Washington accomodations didn't work

W.E.B. Dubois wanted to aproach with a scholary attempt but it didn't work so he realized he was going to need help from others.
NAACP was formed
~legal redress committee
~national urbun league
~resurrected the issue of racial equality at a time when many whites had accepted segregation and discrimination as normal

National Progressive Reform

after 1896, leadership came from the white house in the forms of Presidents Roosevelt, Taft and Wilson

Regulating the Trusts
~Roosevelt set out to break bad-trusts
~Roosevelt was not apposed to all truts. he saw government regulation of trusts to ensure U.S. wealth, productivity and raising standard of living

Toward a "Square Deal"
~Coal Miners Strike of 1902
~Roosevelt stunts the miners and threatens the owners with federal troops
~owners agress to 10% raise, 9 hour work days
~promised every american a "square deal" in 1904 election, called for government control, consumer protection and conservation of natural resources

Passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act 1906 and the Meat Inspection Act 1906

Expanding government over environment
~5 national parks, 16 national monuments, and 53 wildlife reserves
~congress got upset and sent a law to Roosevelt, after he read it he bought 17 million acres right before the law took effect

Progressive Movement for the People
~before Roosevelt left office in 1909, he expanded his reform program to include income, inheritance, taxes, and the national workmen's law

Class Notes for Jan. 19, 5th Period

Our period is a little behind on the notes. But here is where we began today:

• Austrialian Ballot: secret ballot; cuts down on the party's power (the machine)
• Personal Registration Laws: progressives want to make sure to crack down on registration; stops abuse on immigrant workers; weakens power of political machines; some people lose the right to vote (b/c of requirements...naturalization)
• 1906, Bureau of immigrantion & Naturalization: an immigrant must naturalize & become a citizen to vote
• Big Cities of immigrant: North, Chicago too
• South uses this to pass laws to make it difficult for African Americans---literacy tests: not fair; not the same ? asked; property qualification(many blacks in the South didn't own land); poll taxes(blacks couldn't afford to pay it)
• W.E.B. Dubois joins w/ Jane Addams & John Dewey to form NAACP
• Women's suffrage: 1890 NAWSA--leaders: Stanton & Anthony; advocate for women's voting; advocate for women's voting; Wyoming: 1st state to give women the right to vote (many states in the West allowed women to vote to "tame" the frontier);19th Amendment
• Most progressive states: NY & Wisconsin
• Booker T. Washington: former slave; from the South
  message to African Americans: learn a trade, act like responsible citizens & wait for whites to accept blacks; CONCEPT: accommodationism; Atlanta Expos. Speech in 1895
• W.E.B. Dubois: not a former slave; first African American w/ a Ph.D. out of Harvard
  leads Niagara mvmt—demands end to segregation & discriminatory barriers; fight for the right to vote
• NAACP: write The Crisis magazine; set up legal redress committee--only way for success; forms Nat’l Urban group: focuses on conditions in urban cities; helps advance Dubois arguments
• Whites had already begun to accept segregation; Dubois would not however

After these notes, we watched a short video. Here are the video notes that I took:

• the belief that blacks are inferior ( portrayed as childlike) was accepted
• most African Americans were trapped in a hostile world; 9 out of 10 lived in the South, where they had no rights---treated as non-citizens
• 1900, poll taxes, tests, etc. stripped blacks in the South of votes; lynchings were common in the South (most were blacks)
• George White of NC put forward a bill to make lynching illegal, but didn’t have a chance since he was the only black legislator left
• Dubois: didn’t feel that blacks could accommodate; believed in power of soc. Science to transform the society
• Atlanta 1899: Sam Hoise was put on display after being lynched; made Dubois realize that soc. Science wouldn’t work but politics would

That’s it for the video notes. We started to take overhead notes again.

• National Progressive Reform
• After 1896, leadership came from the WH in the form of Pres. Roosevelt, Taft & Wilson
  Roosevelt was elected VP in 1900 & became Pres. When McKinley died
  Regulating Trusts
• Roosevelt set out to break what he considered to be bad trusts
  His justice Dept. prosecuted the N. Securities Co., a RR monopoly. They used the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. The Supreme Court upheld the decision & N. Securities was dissolved.
  Roosevelt wasn’t opposed to all trusts. He saw gov’t regulation of the trusts to ensure us wealth, productivity & raising the standard of living
• Roosevelts’ prog. Becomes known as the "new nationalism"
  Toward the Square Deal
• Roosevelt showed where he was coming from in the coal miner’s strike of 1902. The miners wanted a raise & 8 hour workday. Owners refused.
  Roosevelt stunned the mine owners by supporting the miners and threatening to run the mines with federal troops
• Owners long used to gov’t protection against strikes, agreed to a 10% raise & 9 hour workday
• Roosevelt invited Washington to dine with him at WH
• Roosevelt promised every American a square deal when he ran for election in 1904. He called for gov’t control of corps., consumer protection & conservation of nat’l resources.
  Over the Economy
• Roosevelt got Congress to pass Hepburn Act in 1906; the act increased the ICC powers to review RR rates & its enforcement powers
• Roosevelt supported Pure Food & drug Act of 1906 & meat inspection act of 1906 from Sinclair’s The Jungle
  Over the Environment
• Roosevelt oversaw the creation of 5 nat’l parks, 16 nat’l monuments & 53 wildlife reserves
  Roosevelt appointed a public lands commission to survey public land & set up a permit system to regulate their use
• Roosevelt oversaw the mvmt of responsibility of nat’l forest from the Dept. of Interior to Dept. of Agr. & creation of Nat’l forest service
• Roosevelt’s old Guard didn’t support his progressive ideas on conservation & struck back w/ legislation curtailing the President’s power to create new gov’t land reserves. Roosevelt responded by seizing another 17 mil. Acres for Nat’l forest reserves before law took effect.
  Mvmt for the PPL
  Before he left office in 1909, Roosevelt expanded reform program to include income & inheritance taxes, workers comp., abolition of child labor & 8hr. workday; widened gap b/t Roosevelt & Old Guard
  Taft Presidency
  Taft won in 1908 after Roosevelt showed his strong support for him
  Taft’s battles w/ Congress
• Taft alienated prog. when he appeared to side w/ Old Guard on the tariff & powers of the speaker of House (Cannon)
• Progressives favored tariff reduction; Taft raised expectations for this but didn’t push Congress to get it done. Taft however passed the Payne-Aldrich Tariff of 1909 (did nothing to encourage imports)

CFHS AP US History

CFHS AP US History
6th Period Notes for Thursday, the 18th
Today we continued our notes for Progressivism, which wanted to weaken the political machine and bring more power to the people. They did this in various ways. Important Things to Remember:
Municipal Reform-large corporations were bribed from the political machines and charged heavy fares
The City Commission Plan- a board of commissioners would take over specific managements, responsible for master planning activities, in order to reduce the political machines power
The City Manager Plan-one person would be hired to take over all the management jobs of the city
Direct primary-voters will choose who they want to see on the election ballot in November
17th Amendment-gave senate votes to the people
Initiative-must be a U.S. citizen to vote!
Referendum-if nothing is being done that the people request, then when enough people sign a petition they can send it to an official and have the issue resolved
Recall-if enough sign a petition against an official there can be a recall vote; good example, the “Goven

ator”
*Important people to know-Upton Sinclair, Jacob Riis, Ida Tarbell, and Jane Adams!*

Notes for 5th period

MUCKRAKERS!!!
- Jacob Riis: wrote about the slums of New York
- Ida Tarbell: wrote about the Rockefeller oil companies and how he mistreated his workers
- Upton-St.Clair: He had a popular magazine called The Jungle that led to the passing of 2 laws called the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and the Drug Act which protected people from eating dangerous foods and taking risky drugs. The Inspection Act led to inspections of meat packing plants.

Ashcan schools were those where painters painted more realistic paintings

Settlement houses, like the Hull House run by Jane Addams and Ellen Starr, and their services helped immigrants out by providing daycare, penny banks, employment bureau, playgrounds, social clubs, reading groups, lecture series, and an orchestra.
1) Jane Addams became a very prominent woman figure because she was highly educated and succeeded in getting the government involved in improving sanitation and getting rid of prostitution and alcoholism.
- Things that developed from this uprise were the Women’s Christian Temperance Union and the Anti- Saloon League. Also the 18th Amendment to the Constitution.

Cultural Conservatism:
- attitudes toward the entertainment of the working- class was not impressive
- The Mann Act was formed which prohibited the illegal transportation of women over state borders for “immoral reasons.”
- Saloons were fought against, but they provided decent meals for workers, ways to cash checks, and the ability to easily socialize.

Mainstream Socialism and Progressivism: They were moving towards conservatism, but cooperation between the two crumbled
1) the socialists wanted the government to step in and control the big businesses because they wanted to weaken the robber barons

Municipal Reform: Many corporations used their monopoly to charge humongous fares & rates which they had won from bribing political machine officials
- progressives wanted to reform to weaken robber barons
1) City Commission Plan
2) City Manager Plan

Reform in the States: To weaken political bosses
1) Direct primary- Voters choose party candidates
2) 17th Amendment- Direct voter election of senators
3) Initiative
4) Referendum
5) Recall

Notes from the 17th, 6th period, for your viewing enjoyment

First, G handed back chapters 13 and 14 quiz from a wile ago. He then proceeded to hand out the Chapter 17 through 20 test and we went over it. Then, he promptly took it back. As for notes, here they are:

Progressivism was a reform movement

Progressivism wanted to rid politics of corruption, tame the power of the trusts and in the process, inject more liberty into American life. Progressives fought against prostitution, gambling, drinking and the other forms of vise.

Progressives first appeared in city politics. They agreed that there was a need for government to right political, economic, and social wrongs by taxing income, regulation industry, protecting consumers from fraud, empowering workers, safeguarding the environment, and providing welfare.

Progressivism emerged most strongly among young, middle class Protestants who felt alienated from their society by the immorality and corruption rampart in politics and by the gap separating rich from poor.

The social gospel is backlash against the social Darwinism movement. It stated that the lower class poor members of society need help from the better off.

Muckrakers, who despite their name, was not a fancy name for a sewer worker, unless you take it to mean a sewer worker of society, witch they were, in a manner of speaking. They were investigative journalists who wanted to write the wrongs of society. G stopped here to say that we should remember a few of the important ones name, for instance: Jacob Riis wrote the book How the Other Half Lives about the slums of New York City. Ida Tarbell wrote about the business practices of Standard Oil.

Magazines, popular they were. People who didn’t live in the city with all of the "vices" would read magazines, a lot. That led to magazines being very widespread. Example, The Jungle by Upton Sinclair, Sewage worker of society (or of meat) that he was, wrote about the rather unsanitary conditions in the meat packing industry in Boston.

The Ashcan school of art was realism; it was to show what is not written about society at that time.

Settlement houses and their services-they were like community centers, they had baby sitting, reading classes, and even parties. An important woman to know when talking about settleme

CFHS AP US History

We started class today by going over the Chapter 17-20 tests. We then took the following notes: PROGRESSIVEISM WAS A REFORM MOVEMENT Progressives wanted to rid politics of corruption, tame the power of the "trusts" and, in the process, inject more liberty into American life. Progressives fought against prostitution, gambling, drinking, and other forms of vice. Progressives first appeared in city politics. They agreed there was a need for activist government to right political, economical, and social wrongs by taxing income, regulating industry, protecting consumers from fraud, empowering workers, safeguarding the environment, and providing social welfare. Progressivism emerged most strongly among young, middle class Protestants who felt alienated from their society by the immorality and corruption running rampant in politics and by the gap separating the rich from the poor. The Social Gospel-belief in applying Christian principles to social and political order Muckrackers-investigative journalists writing for both newspapers and magazines; they were progressives who exposed the corruption of city governments -Jacob Riis: well known muckraker who exposed NYC slum life in his book How the Other Side Lives -Ida Tarbell: exposed Standard Oil Company -Lincoln Stephens: wrote about corruption in city governments...mostly about Baltimore Popular Reads: The Jungle by Upton Sinclair Cosmopolitan Ladies Home Journal Ashcan School: Progressive art movement focused on realism; the Ashcan school-realist painters Settlement Homes and Their Services: set up to help the less fortunate, especially immigrants; provided English language instruction, job search help, food, childcare, ethnic recreation ex. Jane Adams' Hull House in Chicago

CFHS AP US History

January 12th Notes---4th Period

***Chapter 17-20 Test


Remember:
~Timed Write Tuesday (16th)
~ Chapters 17-20 Terms Due Tuesday (16th)

What we did on Friday! (Jan. 12th)

-We took the Chapter 17-20 test.
-Don't forget to turn your terms in on Tuesday (for those of you who didn't turn them in on Friday.)
-Also don't forget we have a timed write on Tuesday:

-Timed write. Topic will deal with the impact of the Civil War on political and economic developments in the U.S. or how farmers and industrial workers responded to industrialization in the up to the turn of the century.

That is all. Enjoy the rest of your weekend.

Stephanie S.

Friday, January 12 notes

Chapters 17-20 multiple choice test

Joe Dislikes Comcast

Here are the notes for Wednesday, January 10, 2007:

Corruption-
-city governments become corrupt and organized crime rises
-a contractor eager to win a city contract would pay off officials, called a “graft”
-holding office paid so well that political machines were created to grantee reelection.
-The head, usually the mayor, of a machine was the “boss”
-Machines used ward bosses to win loyalty of city dwellers by helping immigrants in exchange for votes
-gangsters began threatening small manufacturers with violence and economic ruin if they didn’t pay for “protection”

Black Labor-
-Unlike immigrants, blacks remained in the rural south
-Worked as sharecroppers and tenant farmers
-usually taken advantage of
-whites forced artificially low prices for crops and charged high prices for materials
-poverty and debt were common

Some African Americans migrated to industrial areas of the south to work in iron, coal mines, furniture, cigarettes, railroad track layers, longshoremen, and steelworkers

Some went north to work on the fringe of industry as janitors, elevator workers, teamsters, etc.

Southern industry had hardships like marching to work and payment once a month

Jim Crow Laws passed in every Southern legislature in the 1890’s
-legalized segregation
-North had no laws, but still had prejudice
-Industrialists hired Europeans over blacks
-only hired blacks when whites were on strike
-long established blacks were squeezed out of jobs
-destroyed the black middle class
-residential areas were more segregated
-Northern blacks were resourceful: created churches, societies, political organizations, and businesses
-Booker T Washington argued for black self help and sufficiency as priority
-community building was tougher for blacks because communities were small and poor

Unions
-early decades of 1900’s, workers were in tough situations
-only hope to get help was to create unions and make demands

The knights of labor
-opened to everyone
-unskilled workers were able to join
-eventually failed

Strikes
-Feds usually came to break up strikes using force
-courts found unions in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act because they hindered trade
-Prior to 1916, no federal laws were around to protect the rights of workers to organize or require employers to bargain

Most labor organizations were more timid due to the negative view of workers
-most were organized into groups based on trade

The AFL was led by Samuel Gompers
-no unskilled workers, few members, most were prejudice

UMW and ILGWU
-unskilled workers poured in, turned to other organizations
-IWW (Industrial workers of the World)

IWW rejected AFL’s idea of craft organization
-wanted one big union
-too radical, but proved to get unskilled members
-strikes turned violent
-Ludlow Massacre kills 66

In 1914, many Americans resented low wages, had little government help, and started protesting at their own risk

City life-
-industry workers crowded dance halls, vaudeville, amusement parks, ball parks, and movies
-movies cost five cents

New Woman
-through most of the 19th century, the idea of “separate spheres” set tones for relationships
- Men and women weren’t supposed to intrude on each other’s spheres
-Victorianism
-Middle class men were tired of all work and no play
-Middle class women with degrees were frustrated that they couldn’t find work
-Youths want less parent supervision

Young, single, working women
-most influential
-more employment with new types of jobs
-worked near men, earned money, and were free of parents
-premarital sex increased but engagements were lengthy

Margaret Sanger lectured on Birth Control

Emma Goldman called marriage “prostitution” and wanted “free love”

Backlash-
-parents worried, cities were concerned and created vice commissions to stop unseemly activities
-Mann Act of 1916 declared transport of women across state lines for immoral purposes a federal crime

AP U.S. History Jan. 11, 2007

We didn't take any notes today, instead Mr. Gottschalk handed back our take-home quizzes and we went over those. Then, we read our homework assignments which were the President McKinley Christmas cards. Don't forget to study for the Chapters 17-20 Test tomorrow!

Notes for January 10

Corrup Government and Organized Crime

• Contractors would pay of government officals
• Politians would create organizations called "machines"
• Head of machine was the mayor
• Also get ward bosses to go out to city dwellers to gain trust

African American Labor and Community

• African Americans stayed to sourthern rural areas
• Taken advantage by whites
• Had to accept low prices and buy high prices
• Found work in coal mines, low jobs because they needed the money
• Only paid once a month with harsh conditions
• Jim Crow Laws
• Legalized segregation and seperation of races
• Usually only in the South
• North had prejudice but not laws like Jim Crow Laws

Worker and Unions

• Workers start to create unions to speak out on harsh conditions created by owners
• Key group, Knights of Labor, yet still failed
• Government did not support the unions and sent military to difuse the strike
• The AFL, American Federation of Labor was for skilled workers but not blacks, immigrants, or unskilled workers.
• IWW, Industrail Workers of the World, refused to sign contracts with employers that had harsh condition for workers
• Break out of voilence, Ludlow Massacre, 66 people killed including children as some of the victims
  

4th Period Notes

Here are the notes from today:

Corrupt Government and Organized Crime

- COntractors paid off govnerment officials, known as "graft"
- Politians built political organizations called "machines" to gaurantee re-election
~ Head of machine usually the mayor, known as "boss"
~ Used ward bosses to go out and gain loyalty of city dwellers( immigrants etc.)
- Organized crime came in the form of gangsters who threatened manufacturers who didnt pay for "protection"

African American Labor adn Community

- African Americans stayed rural and southern
~ sharecroppers and tenant farmers
~ taken advantage of by whites:
forced to accept low prices for crop and pay high prices for supplies
- Some African Americans migrated to industrial areas of south and work in coal and iron mines, as furniture manufacturers and etc.
- Some African Americans migrated north and took up servitude jobs ( janitor, elevator operators etc.) vs. industrial jobs
- Southern industries harsh for blacks: were marched to work and only paid once a month
- Jim Crow Laws passed in every southern state legislature in 1890 and legalized segregation/separation of the races. North had prejudice but no laws as such.
-Northern blacks resourceful : owned real-estate agancies, funeral homes along with building black churches and etc.
NOTE: Booker T. Washington pushed that blacks should devote themselves to self-help and self- sufficiencyas first priority.

Workers and Unions

- DUe to harsh working conditions in the 20th century, workers create unions in hope for economic improvement.
~ Knights of Labor was a major one created but failed.
- Fedearl nor stae government supported unions and sent military forces to settle strikes
- Unions often accused of violating Sherman Anti-Trust Act by courts
- Unions like the American Federation of LAbor and Industrail Workers of the World were well known.
-The AFL : Was for skilled workers only and did not accept black, immigrants or unskilled workers. Had aboyut 2 million members.Withdrew itslef form political activis, and ran under "business unionism"
-The IWW- Accepted everybody affected by economic hardships( blacks, white, women, unskilled, semi-skilled etc.).Refused to sign contracts w/ employers. Made up of mostly isolated workers(lumbermen,longshoremen etc).
-The IWW was seen as too radiacl and reckless , the strikes that they organized turned to bloody massacres
~ Ludlow Massacre: 66 men, women, and children died

Thats all folks.....

Chanel

5TH PERIOD NOTES

5th PERIOD NOTES

OBSESSION WITH PHYSICAL AND RACIAL FITNESS
THE 1980S WERE A TIME OF HEIGHTENED ENTHUSIASM FOR COMPETITVE SPORTS, PHYSICAL FITNESS, AND OUTDOOR RECREATION
-COLLEGE FOOTBALL WENT BIG TIME
-WOMEN BEGAN TO ENGAGE IN SPORTS AND STARTED TO DRESS ACCORDINGLY
THIS ENTHUSIASM FOR SPORTS WAS IN PART A REACTION TO THE REGIMENTATION OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY AND IN PART WELATHY AMERICAN'S CONCERN TO DEMONSTRATE RACIAL FITNESS
-WEALTHY AMERICANS WERE EMBARASSED BY THE ECONOMIC DEPRESSIONS OF THE DAY
-IMMIGRANT NEIGHBORHOODS, WHILE POOR, SEEMED FULL OF VITALITY.
IT WAS A TIME OF RACIST THINKING. RACIAL STEREOTYPES WERE COMMON
RACIALIST THINKING EVEN RECEIVED "SCIENTIFIC" SANCTION.
-MANY INTELLECTUALS BELIEVED THAT HUMAN SOCIETY DEVELOPED ACCORDING TO THE "SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST" PRINCIPLE ARTICULATED BY DARWIN.
-IF THIS WERE THE CSE THEN, THE WEALTH OF THE INDUSTRIALIST MADE THE ANGLO-SAXONS THE FITTEST RACE AS OPPOSED TO THE IMMIGRANT LABOR FORCE.
IMMIGRATION:
MOST EUROPEAN IMMIGRANTS TO THE U.S. BETWEEN 1880 AND 1914 (NEW IMMIGRANTS) CAME FROM EASTERN AND SOUTHERN EUROPE. THEY WERE ITALIANS, RUSSIAN AND POLISH JEWS, HUNGARIANS, SLAVS, GREEKS, TURKS, AND OTHERS
THE OLDIMMIGRANTS HAD COME FROM GREAT BRITAIN, SCANDINAVIA, AND GERMANY. THEY WERE CONSIDERED RACIALLY FIT SINCE THEY WERE THE STOCK OF THE ORIGINAL SETTLERS.
THE NEW IMMIGRANTS SPOKE NEW LANGUAGES, WERE CATHOLIC, GREEK ORTHODOX, OR JEWS, WERE RURAL PEASANTS UNUSED TO CITIES, AND CAME FROM COUNTRIES WITH LIMITED DEMOCRATIC EXPERIENCE.
-MOST CAME BECAUSE OF ECONOMIC HARDSHIP
-MOST CAME INTENDING TO FIND WORK, SAVE, AND RETURN TO THEIR HOMELAND
-WHILE IN 1880 THERE WERE SOME CHINESE, JAPANESE, FILIPINO, MEXICAN AND FRENCH CANADIAN IMMIGRATION, THE U.S. REFUSED TO ADMIT CHINESE IMMIGRANTS AFTER 1912 (THE CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT), AND JAPANESE MALES (GENTLEMEN'S AGREEMENT) AFTER 1907. MOST IMMIGRANTS WERE EUROPEAN. BETWEEN 1900-1910 IMMIGRANTS MADE UP 70% OF THE WORK FORCE.
-THEY TOOK THE HARDEST, LEAST DESIRABLE JOBS: BUILDING RAILROADS, MINING COAL, MAKING STEEL, PACKING MEAT AT SLAUGHTERHOUSES (UPTON SINCLAIR, A MUCKRACKER, WROTE THE JUNGLE) GARMENT MAKING SWEAT SHOP WORK.

AFTER TAKING NOTES WE WATCHED A FILM CLIP ON THE TRIANGLE SHIRTWAIST COMPANY.

ch 20 notes -4th period 1/9

Obession with physical and racial fitness

• 1890s-time of heightened enthusium for competitive sports, physical fitness, outdoor recreation
  
• college football went big
• women began to engage in sports and dressed accordingly
• enthusium was part in reaction of the wealthy concern to demonstrate racial fitness
• immigrant neightborhoods was poor
• racial strereotype
  
• opposition to immigration labor force

Immigration

• B/t 1880 and 1914- most European immigrants that came from Eastern and Southern Europe were considered NEW-Italians, Russians, Polish Jews, Hungarians, Slavs, Greeks, Turks, and others.
• OLD immigrants - came from Great Britain, Scandanavia
• Racially more fit b/c they were stocked with the original settlers
  
• Catholic, Greek orthodoxm and Jews- rural peasents unused to the cities and come from countries with limited democratic government
• most came from economic hardships
• most came intending to find work, save, and return to the homeland
• 1880-Number of Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Mexican, and French Canadian immigration increased
• The US refused to admit Chinese immigrants after 1882- Chinese Exclusion Act and Japanese males after 1907- the Gentlemen's Agreement
• Most immigrants were European
  
• B/t 1900-1910- immigrants made up to 70% of the workforce ; taking the hardest jobs- least desirable jobs, building railroads, mining coal, making steel, packing meat at slaughterhouses
• Upton Sinclair- a Muckracker who wrote the Jungle- exposing the safety hazards of the slaughterhouses

Working conditions were difficult

• few states restricted child labor
  
• 25% of boy and 10% of girls b/t the ages of 10 and 15 ere employed
• injuries were common
  
• The Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire in New York killed 146 workers - mostly young women who were trapped on the upper floors that were locked from the outside and the fire escape wasn't functioning
  

After taking notes, we watched a video about the fire. It explained the events that happened before, during and after the fire. We find out that the workers who were killed had tried to make the working conditions safer but they were ignored by the owners, who were aquitted because they did not break any laws. As a result, many reformers and city officals spent four years researching the working conditons of factories in New York. Later, children under the age of 14 were illegal to work in factories at all and the number of hours per week was limited.

Industrial Society 1890-1920 Notes: 1/8/06

Economic Growth

• Corporations were changing America. Technological innovations in the nineteenth century fired up the economy. Corporate management and structure powered the economy. The 2 most important technologies were
• The harnessing of electric power, which caused old industries to switch from steam to electric power. Fueled city mass transit. Allowed for creation of Ford's Model T, which was affordable to the general public.
  
• And the gas combustion engine.
• Successful inventions overhauled corporations.
  
• Ballooned in size
• By 1900, railroads were most effective method for corporations to ship goods.
  
• Telegraph lines allowed for communication between businessmen on different sides of the country.
  
• Picked up mass production which increased output and lowered costs. This caused
  
• Machines to replace workers
• Required the selling of large quantities of goods
• Helped to create the advertising industry.
  
• Corporations looked for a new way to insure steady income and protect themselves from the fluctuating business cycle.
  
• Railroads cooperated with businessmen by aligning their rates with them.
  
• "Pools" shared information on cost/profit, standardizing rates, and allocating portions of a business among its owners.
  
• Sherman Anti Trust Act of 1890 declared cartel practices illegal. The laws enforcement was non existent.
• Corporations continued to try and eliminate the competition.
  
• Mergers were a favorite way for corporations to try and control business.
  
• Most notably this occurred with the oil industry, and when American Tobacco snapped up five other cigarette companies.
  
• Size and growth also changed management.
  
• Managers took over the long term planning instead of owners.
  
• Cost accounting methods became prevalent.
  
• Scientific management attributed to Frederick Taylor, who examined the tasks and mechanics of production.
• Made workers unhappy.
  
• Ford attempted to use it, but it was mind numbing, and caused exhaustion and errors due to the repeated singularity of the task.
  
• Turnover forced Ford to raise wages, which was bad for business.
  

"Robber Barons" And More

• Industrialist leaders and their lack of concern for the well being of their workers led to labor protests like the Homestead/Pullman Strikes, and the attempted assassination of mogul Carnegie's right hand man.
• These events forced the owners of these monopolies into thinking that they needed to help the public.
  
• Carnegie advocated a "gospel of wealth" and believed industrialists deserved wealth based on Social Darwinism, but said they had an obligation to donate income beyond their needs to communities (not individuals)
  
• Investigative reporter Ida Tarbell exposed standard oils abusive, monopolistic practices, which caused the federal government to prosecute the company. Owner Rockefeller donated money to set up the University of Chicago, and the Rockefeller Institute.
  

And that's all for class notes. Period 5

.Monday Notes for 6th Period.

So here's the deal

Economic Growth

-Corporation's are changing

-New Technologies

-Electric Power

-Older industries switched from steam power to electrical power

-Cleaner

-More efficient

-Horse Drawn Trolleys were replaced with electric powered trolleys and trains.

-Electricity brought amusement parks and movies.

-Gasoline Internal Combustion Engine

- Ford brought of the Model T

- Stimulated other industries making steel, glass, rubber, petroleum

or provided road construction and service station.

- Successful inventions like these required corporations with sophisticated

organizational and technical know-how.

-Changes in Size--Calls for change in Communication

-by 1900 railroads provided the country with an efficient transportation system.

-Allowed corporations to ship goods anywhere in the U.S.

- National network of telegraph lines allowed constant communication between buyers

and sellers

-Manufactures responded to this national market by mass production techniques that

increased production speed and lowered costs.

- This meant replacing skilled workers with machines.

- These Techniques required the sale of large quantities.

- This led to an advertising industry

At this point Will L. Told a Blonde Joke---Hm.

-New Ways for Corporations to keep a steady income

-Railroads helped by changing their ways. Instead their usual ruinous rate wars were used to put their competition out of business. (Ok it won’t let me go to the next line down... stupid thing) -"pools" developed where railroads share information on cost and profits, standardized rates and allocated discrete portions of the freight business among themselves.
-Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 declared such cartel-like practices illegal.
-Corporations continued to seek ways to restrain or eliminate competition
-Mergers Emerge
-James Duke merged 5 cigarette companies into the American tobacco company in 1890. Other companies followed.
- The growth in the size of corporation revolutionized corporate management.
- Managers took over long term planning
-managers tried to make their methods more scientific.
-Scientific management attributed to Frederick Taylor used timed-motion studies to examine every human task and mechanical movement used in production.
-goal was to eliminate wasted human energy
-not appreciated by workers who didn't want to perform certain jobs.
-Ford motors tried cause exhaustions, errors, injuries, and workers quit.
-high turnover caused ford to raise wages to $5 a day.
-"Robbers Baron" No More
- the lavishing lifestyles of elite industrialists/robber barons, such as Cornelius Vanderbuilt, Jay Gould, and Leland Standford as well as their lack of concern for other works well being led to labor protects like the homestead and Pullman strikes and the attempted assassination of Andrew Carnegie's right hand man, Henry Clay Frick.
-These events caused industrialists to rein in their extravagance and used fortunes to help the public.
-Andrew Carnegie advocated a "Gospel of Wealth." Believed industrialists deserved their tremendous wealth (social Darwinism), but should donate unneeded money to the community (but not the individuals)
-others followed in 1904, journalist, Ida Tarbell exposed standard oil's abusive, monopolistic practices and the federal government prosecuted standard oil.
-John D. Rockefeller later set up the Rockefeller Foundation and donated money to establish the University of Chicago and the Rockefeller institute for medical research.

There ya go :o)

Movie notes from Friday, 5th Period

Today we watched a movie on immigrants, it was about the following:
-1880-1914, 20 million immigrants came to America
-Ellis Island was the main port where they came in at
-came from Western Europe
-came for political and relgious freedom
-most were from England, Ireland, and Germany
-40% went back to there homeland
-industrialization gave many immigrants work, few were jobless
-poverty, filth, and disease filled the streets were the immigrants lived
-almost everyone in the family worked to produce money for these poor families
-jobs were divided by ethnic backgrounds
-55,000 got Typhoid in Pittsburg
-families shared incomes and expenses
-"Melting Pot Theory"-religious and political differences would melt away decreasing conflict
-Americanization began; immigrants were taught English, punctuality, and cleanliness
-Education was free for everyone
-Polish parents wanted to educate their children in Catholic Schools; over half of the Polish Children attened Catcholic Schools
-Children and parents begin to clash with children rejecting their home countries values and cultural ideas
-children recieved new names at school
-1876, California men create the Working Man's Party
-Chinese Exclusion Act, barred any more Chinese from entering the country
-Vaudeville, Nickelodeons, Circuses, dancehalls, amusement parks were all sources of entertainment for immigrants
-Harry Houdini was called the Master of Escape
-Baseball was popular and nicknamed "America's Pasttime"
-Newspapers helped personalize an impersonalized environment

That's all I got Have a good weekend
Liz

Notes for Wednesday (1/4), 5th Period

Today, we watched another video and Mr. G handed out Voices of the American Past, V. 2.

Notes on the video:

-From 1860 to 1900, small places became dominated by big corporations, and by 1900 America experienced an economic colossus. A side effect of industrialization was big corporations taking over other businesses.

-Railroads played an important role during this time period, as railroads such as provendary (sp?) Point connected the East and West. From 1865 to 1900 track mileage greatly increased. They also opened up new lands for settlements, gave jobs and fueled steel, coal and timber to markets

-Where technology was concerned, the Centennial Exposition showcased major technological advances (including the steamboat). Alexander Graham Bell created the telephone, while Thomas Edison created the Menlo Park Lab where he created the phonograph and electric light bulb.

-In American economy, corporations arose (functioning in a bureaucratic manner), oftentimes exploiting natural resources and workers. Advertising also developed. By 1890, people such as Carnegie and Rockerfeller were considered "captains of industry" and "robber barons" (although the two were considered great philanthropists of their time). Many opposed railroad barons. By 1900, America's production surpassed that of Britain's and France's combined.

-In the American West, natural resources were abundant west of Mississippi, and the spread of industry came into the Midwest. The Homestead Act fueled much migration. silver and gold provided money, whereas coal fueled the railroads situated in the area. The region was a great consumer of wood, especially railroad and mining companies.

-Where Texas and cattle were concerned, by 1866 ranchers drove cattle into the East via railroad (the invention of barbed wire also assisted them in doing so as farmers were able to enclose their animals). Eastern and European demand for beef created a great market for Texas.

-Western farmers mainly came through the Homestead Act, and the Santa Fe Railroad (1885) set off migration to California. New tools, seeds, and dry soil technologies provided for bettered farming techniques. Women also had new opportunities, and in some states began to vote. However, prices plunged as farmers went to debt, and big commercial agriculture (i.e. Bonanza Farms) set into place. Refridgerated boxcars transported their foods and changed the American diet.

-The rise of cities was also commonly seen, as cities such as Chicago topped over 1 mil. In population, mainly as manufacturing and industry moved to them [cities where labor, consumers, and produced presided. The largest cities were in the Northeast and Midwest, but eventually began to grow in the South and West. Mass-transit helped cities spill into the countryside, as class inequalities became painfully obvious. Also, streetcars played an important role in city transportation.

-Pollution and destruction of nature became a pressing issues, as books such as Man and Nature by Perk arrived. Natural vegetation, species extinction (bison), river pollution, and deforestation grew in alarming numbers. Congress created the first national park (Yellowstone), and railroad companies, seeing great profit, encouraged t to build more. The National Audubon Society formed, and naturalist and preservationalist John Muir created the Sierra Club to preserve natural wonders.

-Urban pollution and diseases were prominent, as they spread and runoff was set off into rivers and garbage into oceans. By 1880, general health began to eventually improve.

-The dawn of a new century loomed, as America pondered of the post-Civil War years before the 20th century. Immigration fueled much/most of this growth.

Oh, and takehome quiz (17-20) tomorrow!!

Wednesday Notes, 5th Period

Welcome back! Hope everyone's break was fun! Alrighty so today we watched a movie and Mr. G handed out the Ap Exam info. I took notes on the movie just in case you missed it:Reconstruction! Lee surrenders to Grant leaving the south in ruins. -Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth at the Theatre. -Andrew Johnson takes over as President and quickly pardons a lot of ex-Confederates. -Black Codes were introduced (the were almost exactly like slavery, but without the term "slavery"). -14th Amendment introduced which was supposed to give equal rights (solved the constitutional and political problemsof Reconstruction). -Reconstruction Act of 1867 divided the South into five military districts. -this caused Radical Reconstruction. -Ulysses S. Grant won Presidency as the 18th President. -15th Amendment is introduced and let blacks "participate in American Society," this amendment did not include womens rights. -in 1869, Elizabeth Stanton and Susan B. Anthony wanted a 16th Amendment for womens rights. -South wanted to reinstate slavery, Congress tries to not let this happen by proposing the Freedmen's Bureau to protect blacks rights. -Black education boomed, having 9000 teachers at over 4000 schools. -Congress repealed the Black Codes, let women own land, and stated that all men could vote. -Lynching became frequent. -the KKK terrorized and intimidated blacks, slave sympathizers, and anyone tolerating slave freedom. -The Force Acts of 1870 made these voilent groups suceed a little bit. -Horace Greely (Presidential Candidate) wanted to give up on Reconstruction. -in the Election of 1876, Tilden vs. Hayes was supposed to be decised by Congress because it was too close, but Congress was split, so they had to set up an Electoral Commission. -Hayes wins. -Hayes withdraws federal troops from the South. -to restore the South, citizens realize their biggest source of money came from cotton in the past, so they try cotton again. -Sharecropping became big/helped cotton after the 14th amendment. -Sotuherrn Homestead Act is introduced:gives blacks land. -Jim Crow Laws forbade blacks from using different amenities. -Whites used violence and intimidation to control blacks. -Plessy vs. Ferguson in 1896. That's all I got. Please keep Blair Beck and her family in your thoughts and your prayers these next couple days, her Grandmother passed away. -Liz