Chapter 22 Notes AP US History

The U.S. becomes a world power

- Imperialists made many arguements in support of the U.S. as a world power

• Patriotism and the glory of annexation
• Profits to be made from trade
• Access to natural resources for raw materials
• New converts to Protestant christianity
• The Filipinos were not ready or capable of governing themselves and Germany might take over if the U.S. didn't

- From the war, the U.S. acquired Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Phillipines

- After the war, Hawaii was annexed and in 1900, U.S. citizenship was granted to Hawaiians

- Deciding what to do with the Philippines was contentious. Anti-imperialists argued:

• taking over the Philippines would violate the American belief in the "consent of the governed"; right to independence and self government
• Annexation would get the U.S. too deeply into Asian affairs
• The Philippines would compete with other U.S. sugar growers
• The Filipinos would flock into the U.S. as immigrants
• economic costs would outweigh the benefits

- The U.S. senate narrowly approved the Treaty of Paris

• The U.S. ignored the desires of the leader of the anti-colonial movement in thePHilippines, Emilia aguinaldo, for independence
• a long, brutal, dirty war broke out between the U.S. and the Philippines
• Eventually, the reisitance was broken and the Philippines were placed under an American governor and administered like a colony
• William Howard Taft was the 1st American Governor

-Taft sponsored a program of public works-roads, bridges, schools

-He transferred some government functions to filipino control

-Controlling Cuba and Puerto Rico

• In 1900 Cuba and convered a constitutional convention
• In 1901, Congress passed the Platt Amendment, setting 3 conditions for Cuban Independence

-Cuba would make no treaties with foreign powers

-The U.S would have broad authority to intervene in Cuban affairs

-Cuba would well of lease land to the U.S. for naval stations

• Cuba reluctantly wronte these Platt conditions into its constitution

Puerto Rico was annexed outright in the Foraker Act of 1900

• Puerto Ricans were not made U.S citizens
• Puerto Rico was declared "unincorporated" territory with Congress empowered to dictate its government and citizen's rights
• Puerto Ricans were granted U.S. citizenship in 1917 and won the right to elect their own governor in 1947.

The Open Door Policy was a diplomatic strategy to open up China's markets to U.S. products at a time when the U.S. feared that other countries (Britian, Germany, Japan, Russia, and France) would block our access to China's markets

• Secretary of state, John Hay, sent "open door" notes to the major world powers asking each to open their phores of influence in China to merchants of the other nations
• The notes also asked each nation to grant reasonable harbor fees and railroad rates
• The Open door notes asked each power to repect China's sovereignty by enforcing Chinese tariff duties
• The response was underwhelming; sort of an "I will if you will"

A second round of Open door notes was sent after U.S. led the way in crushing China's Boxer Rebellion which had tried to aid China of foreigners and foreign influence.

• the 2nd round asked each power to repect China's political independence and territorial integrity in addition to guarenteeing unrestricted access to its markets
• Britian, France, and Germany endorsd this policy outright.