Monday, March 30 Notes

Civil Rights
-1954 in the south there was "Massive Resistance" to Brown v. Board decision, public schools in states like Virginia colsed rather desegregate
-"With all deliberate speed" was the amount of time Congress allowed for this to occur
-1955, Mississippians murdered 14 year old Emmett Till, from Chicago, disrespectful towards a white woman, an all white jury found the killers not guilty
-1955, Rosa Parks arrested in Montgomery, Alabama; refused to obey the state segregation law requiring blacks to give up there seats on buses to whites
-Montgomery Bus Boycott, resulted in the desegregation of city buses
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
-1956 MLK formed this
Civil Rights Act of 1957
-Congress reacts, sets up procedure for handling law suits by African Americans claiming the right to vote was taken away from them
-sets up Commission of Civil Rights
-Eisenhower forced to act when Arkansas Gov. Faubus ordered integration ordered integration of Little Roch HS, State nat'l guard came in, Eisenhower demanded federal control of the nat'l guard to escort the students to school
Termination and Relocation of Indians
-Termination pledged to end Indians as "wards of the US", granting rightrs and priviliges pertaining to American citizenship
-Relocation encourgaed indians to move to urban areas
-the programs were flawed and ended in 1962
Urban Renewal
-Banks/loans "reclining" to deny funds for hom buying and business expansion if the establishment is decaying
-FHA cancelled money toward suburbs
-Urban renewal rather replaced with little money
-Public housing, large population and increasing land prices= disappointment
Sputnik and The Space Race
-1957 Soviet Union launches first satelite into orbit (Sputnik)
-month later they sent Sputnik II into orbit weighing 1,120 pounds carrying a dog
-4 months after Sputnik I, US put 1st satelite into orbit; size of a grapefruit
Reactions to Sputnik
-convinced education system was failing
-1955 book called "Johnny can't read", US respond by passing Nat'l Defense Edu. Act of 1958 (link between nat'l defense and schools) $887 mil in loans to needy college students and grants for improvement of teaching of science and languages
Election of 1960
-JFK wins, opponent Richard Nixon, 1st EVER TELEVISED DEBATES
-JFK used make up and looked very well put together as Nixon didnt us make up, sweating under hot lights looking very nervous
Kennedy Foreign Policy
-Increase in defense budget, increase in military assitance programs, propaganda agencies (Radio Free Europe), covert action plans
-est. Peace Corps
-The Alliance for Progress offer $20 bil in loans over 10 years to Latin American countries, undertaking land reform and democratic development measures
Bay of Pigs
-major failure, CIA's invasion of Cuba to overthrow Castro using trained anti-communist exiles
-Cuba not suprised, surronded by Castro's forces
-exiles radioed for support form US Navy
-Kennedy didnt support, exiles killed or prisoned, eventually prisoners swapped for tractors and medicines