Notes for February 5th (5th period)

More on Chapter 22..

Roosevelt Corollary and Monroe Doctrine:
-original monroe doctrine said Europe had to stay out of American business and we would stay out of theirs
-in 1904 Roosevelt Corollary, he reasserted the original doctrine and added the claimed right of the US to intervene in the affairs of Western nations
-the corollary came out of a time when Latin American countries were defaulting on loans from Europe and they were considering military action against the defaulters
-the purpose was still to keep Europeans out of the Western Hemisphere

The Panama Canal
-Roosevelt was convinced of the need for a canal across Central America
-a french company had just gone bankrupt trying to build a canal across the colombian province of panama
-roosevalt began by negotiating the Hay-Paunce-Tote treaty with great britain releasing both countries from an 1850 agreement not to build a central american canal without the other's permission
-when the french company lowered its price for their works in panama the us shifted its focus from a canal across nicaragua to panama and congress approved buying out the french for $40M
-the us then negotiated the Hay-Herron treaty with colombia for a 6 mile wide strip across panama in exchange for $10M and $250K annually
-when the colombian government rejected the treaty, roosevelt then encouraged Panamanians to revolt against colombia
-the revolt succeeded because a us naval force prevented colombian troops from landing in panama
-the us formallyrecognized a new panamanian government 2 days after the rebellion started
-the us then signed the Hay-Bunau-Varilla treaty gaining a 10 mile wide canal zone for $10M and $250000 annual rent
-the canal was opened in 1914
-it shortened the sea route between San Francisco and New York by over 8000 miles
-in 1921 the us compensated colombia with $25M for its loss of panama
-in 1977 Jimmy Carter signed a treaty providing for transferring ownership of the canal to panama in 2000

Chinese exclusion and Roosevelts Gentlemen's Agreement
-white californians feared large numbers of asian immigrants
-they pressed congress into passing the chinese exclusion act of 1882 which ended most chinese immigration
-in 1906 the san francisco school board ordered the segregation of asian schoolchildren in SF
-riots broke out in San Francisco and Los Angeles
-roosevelts prefessed shock and reached a "gentlemens agreement" with japan
-japan promised ro halt the immigration of adult japanese laborers to the us
-roosevelt pledged to end the anti-japanese discrimination and persuaded the san francisco school board to rescind its segregation ordinance

William Howard Taft and Dollar Diplomacy
-president taft is known for his policy of dollar diplomacy
-taft urged wall street bankers to invest in overseas businesses as a way of spreading us influence
-dollar diplomacy did not work well in asia
-it worked well in central america as companies like united fruit established banana plantations in costa rica and honduras and came to influence the regions governments

Woodrow Wilson and US Imperialism
-president wilson sent troops to haiti in 1915 to put down a revolution and they stayed there for 21 years
-in 1916 wilson forced the dominican republic to accept the rule of a us military government
-wilson purchased the virgin islands from denmark
-wilson decided that us foreign policy should help advance democracy in mexico and got in a mess
-mexican revolution broke out in 1910 when dictator dias was overthrown by francisco madero
-madero took over when american and british investors owned more than half of mexicos real estate, 90% of its oil reserves, and almost all their railroads
-madero scared foreign businessmen with talk of democratic reform
-madero was overthrown by huerta in 1913
-huerta promised to protect foreign investments
-when huertas men murdered madera, wilson refused to recognise huerta as a ruler of mexico and he spoke out that they should hold open democratic elections
-in 1914 wilson responded to the arrest of us sailors visiting vera cruz by sending a naval fleet and the marines to mexican waters, and to stop a german ship from delivering arms to mexico
-it resulted in violence and 19 americans and 126 mexicans were killed
-the american occupation of vera cruz weakened huerta and venustiano carranza took power
-he introduced a major lad reform and called for a nationalization of foreign companies
-wilson turned to pancho villa to challenge him
-carranza defeated pancho villa in 1915 and wilson withdrew his support form villa and prepared to recognize carranzas government
-an angry pancho villa pulled 18 americans off a train in norhtern mexico and murdered them. he next crossed the border to kill 17 more americans in colombus, new mexico
-wilson sent a us expeditionary force under general john j pershing into mexico to hunt down pancho villa
-although he went 300 miles into mexico, he failed to capture pancho villa but he did clash twice with carranzas forces
-with WWI underway in europe, wilson and the us could not afford a fight with mexico
-pershings troops were brought back in 1917 and wilson recognized carranzas government

yay for alot of notes!!